This study examined the mediating roles of digital literacy and learning strategies in the influence of core competencies on employability. Participants of this study were 916 college students in 10 Korean colleges. Data analysis consisted of descriptive statistics, reliability testing, correlation analysis, and structural equation modelling. The results showed that core competency had a positive effect on employability. Learning strategies mediated the influence of core competence on employability; digital literacy did not. There was a significant multi-mediated effect of digital literacy through learning strategy on the influence of core competence on employability. These findings suggest that college students need to develop such strategies for themselves or participate in structured programs provided by their colleges to make effective use of learning strategies. Also, because learning strategy may be a catalyst for digital literacy, it is indispensable for college teachers to point out the effective use of learning strategies using mainly digital devices and resources. It is necessary to conduct follow-up research such as experimental and quasi-experimental research to verify the influence of core competencies on employability depending on learners’ characteristics such as learning styles, self-efficacy, and achievement goal orientations.

Practicum in a given host company provides an opportunity for Business students to practice and enhance their knowledge and skills that can likely promote their motivation and later marketability. In doing the practicum, students are not only considered as learners, but they are also regarded as workers in the job force. Many students might need support from their universities as well as from the supporting system in the host companies. The purpose of this research was to investigate the students’ satisfaction with their practicum programs and the individual and organizational factors that would affect it. Participants were 269 (68 males and 201 females) sophomore and junior undergraduate Business students from a university of southern Vietnam. Each completed a survey collected after they finished their practicum which consists of demographic information, questions about the organizational factors (19 items), individual factors (20 items), and overall practicum satisfaction (4 items). Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted and deleted 6 items to achieve convergent and discriminant validity. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the potential mediating effects of organizational factors on the relationship between individual factors and Practicum satisfaction. Results showed the direct effect between individual factors and Practicum satisfaction. A further multi-group analysis found a similar pattern of the path on females and males. The results suggest the student’s knowledge and skills are crucial factors which related to their practicum satisfaction, organizational factors, on the other hand, are positively correlated with individual factors, however, do not affect their practicum satisfaction.

The purpose of this research was to determine the indicators used for analyzing the sustainability of creative tourism in Nakhon Si Thammarat province, Thailand, and to propose the guidelines for sustainable management. This research was carried out by mixed methods. The researcher used the Delphi Technique to determine the sustainability indicators from 21 experts, and 10 indicators were selected from 3 sustainabilities to be designated for the questionnaires. The qualitative data was collected from 50 tourism entrepreneurs and the quantitative data was collected from 400 tourists, both Thai tourists and foreign tourists. The research results revealed that the creative tourism in Nakhon Si Thammarat province had the management in accordance with the sustainability guidelines of creative tourism, had the highest social and cultural sustainability, and should be enhanced and develop other indicators further. There were interesting points in all 3 dimensions for the sustainable development such as to emphasize the crucial problem solving, which was, waste management, to promote the admission fees for tourist attractions, to select the local materials, to employ local labor, manage reasonable wages, develop labor skills, participate in the cultural activities of localities, exchange experiences and apply all suggestions from the tourists for developing tourist attractions to meet the tourists’ needs, and develop the basic public utilities not against the community livelihoods.

Financial knowledge is empowering the new generation of the 21st century in the era of transformative marketing (Kumar, 2018), which leads to the well-planned financial structure for long terms. However, it is imperative to know that on what scales they are managing their budgets. Understanding the impact of selfcontrol, financial literacy, and financial behavior is very vital for living a successful life (Sarstedt et al., 2017). The literature shows, people with good self-control and financial literacy tend to behave well compared to people with less self-control and financial literacy. This study examines the relationship between self-control financial literacy, financial behavior and financial wellbeing. A survey was conducted on 416 people from educational institutions, corporate sectors and food courts in Pakistan to empirically examine the impact of self-control and financial literacy on financial behavior and financial well-being of people. Better self-control and financial literacy lead to greater financial well-being. This research paper concludes that self-control and financial literacy affect financial well-being through financial behavior. Financial literacy has a significant direct impact on financial wellbeing, however the direct impact of self-control on financial well-being is insignificant. Impact of financial behavior on financial well-being is stronger than the impacts of financial literacy and self-control on financial well-being. This paper will be useful for economists and companies in Pakistan to better understand consumer market and to make decisions accordingly.

This study aimed at measuring the level of inequality income distribution and its development in Indonesia. It employed the quantitative method by selecting data from the statistic center of Indonesia purposively. The data have been analyzed using path analysis. The results yield the following conclusions: First, the inequality of income distribution between islands in Indonesia is classified as medium and high inequality. The highest inequality in income distribution is in Java, while the lowest income distribution inequality is in Kalimantan; Second, provinces with lower levels of inequality in income distribution in Indonesia are the provinces of Riau, Jambi, Bengkulu, Lampung, West Java, Banten, Central Sulawesi, Gorontalo, and West Papua. Provinces with increasing inequality in income distribution are South Sumatra Province, DKI Jakarta, East Kalimantan, North Kalimantan, North Sulawesi, and North Maluku; Third, Sulawesi is the island with the highest level of income distribution inequality in rural and urban areas, while in Java, it has the highest level of distribution inequality in urban areas. Maluku and Papua are the islands with the highest level of distribution inequality in rural areas but they have a low level of inequality in urban areas. Besides, the island of Kalimantan also has a level of inequality of low-income distribution in rural areas. There is a significant difference in the Gini index between urban and rural areas in Indonesia, where urban areas have a high level of distribution inequality compared to rural areas; Fourth, there are significant Gini index differences before regional autonomy and after regional autonomy in Indonesia, where high-income disparities occurred after regional autonomy compared to the era before regional autonomy.

Good study habits are the gateway to a successful achievement in studies. A good study habit towards any subject is a combination of discipline, passion and strong will to achieve a better academic performance. This study aimed to determine the effect of study habits of Accountancy students in Ramon Magsaysay Technological University (RMTU) towards their academic performance. The study utilized a descriptive and inferential research design with the questionnaire as the main instrument in data gathering. Quota and convenient sampling were used in selecting the fifty Accountancy students. It was found out that there was a significant difference in sex and age in terms of time management and age alone in terms of teaching strategies and has a significant difference between study habits and academic performance. An intervention was developed which will serve as a guide for the students to learn on how to manage time effectively.

This paper analyzed of the school climate of senior high school students in Jember in the history lesson context. The purposes of this study are: (1) analyzing the school climate of senior high school students in Jember in the history lesson context; (2) examining the difference of school climate of senior high schools in jember. The total samples involved were 375 students. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test the difference by using SPSS 23 for windows program. The results showed that the mean value of school climate of SMA 1 Jember 3.66; SMA 2 Jember 3:47; SMA 3 Jember 3:20; SMA 4 Jember 3:39 and; SMA 5 Jember 3:40. The result of the ANOVA test showed that there was a significant difference of school climate of the senior high school students in Jember in the history lesson context (f = 4.789; Sig.0,001). The largest difference of significance level was shown by the sample group of SMA 1 Jember and SMA 3 Jember (mean differences = 0.46611). The school climate of SMA 1 Jember has very significant difference compared to the school climate of SMA 3 Jember.

Rural Java areas underwent significant changes during the last 20 years due to increasing education and health level and improving transportation and communication infrastructure, but researches on agricultural transformation, especially rice farming in Java, was limited. This study aimed at understanding the structure of land ownership and tenure, and the changing of land tenure institutional system in wetland farming, in its relation to the contemporary demographic change in the Javanese rural areas. The research was conducted in Kauman Village, Klaten Regency, Central Java. There were 307 farmer households in the village. The samples of 52 farmer households were taken randomly. Data collection used questionnaires and in-depth interviews with 52 respondents and 6 key informants. The analysis was carried out by comparing the data before the green revolution and 2016 data. The results of the study were as follows. Firstly, the number of landless farmers was very large (60 percent). Despite the green revolution, the proportion of this group had been already high before the green revolution program was intensified. Secondly, the level of land ownership disparity was moderate and tended toward equity due to the continuity of land ownership fragmentation through land inheritance processes, and no land ownership concentration occurred on the basis of agricultural land purchase. Thirdly, the level of inequality of land tenure was moderate and even close to low, and tended toward equity as the number of land tenants was much greater than the land owners. Fourthly, the bargaining position of the land tenants tended to be stronger than the land owners due to the declining attraction of agricultural work as a source of employment.

The aim of this study is to investigate the managerial issues and challenges of managers in Muhammadiyah Heath Center, Yogyakarta Indonesia. Questionnaires and interview based method was used for collecting data and focus group disscussion (FGD) was applied for explore valuable information. 29 participants from Mother and child Hospital of (RSIA) ‘Aisyiyah Klaten and 40 participants from Hospital of (RS) PKU Muhammadiyah Bantul were involved. They are top managers and employees from various fields of expertise. The results showed that the leadership and management skills (finance, human resources (HR), quality, medicine information systems and equipment) of top manager is (likert scale = 3) while the middle and lower managers considered not sufficiently competent (likert scale = 2). The Lack of competency and leadership skills of managers will affect to management of the organization, effectiveness of the organizational structure, planning, and monitoring at every stage of management. It can be conclude that hospital manager competencies are still basic and need to be upgraded in some aspects.

Research culture a system that posits importance to conducting and communicating scholarly research, is highly expected from academic staff in the higher learning institutions. Skillful academics with high levels of (intrinsic) motivation in conducting research are most likely needed to achieve the desired research culture. Therefore, a research project has been conducted to examine the possibility of understanding and promoting research culture at a public university in Malaysia. Distinctive instruments were developed to achieve the purpose. This paper, thus, is aimed at examining the psychometric properties of a 44-item survey instrument developed to delve into the academic staff’s intrinsic motivation in conducting research. The survey was administered to 326 academic staff from various faculties in a public university. The Rasch Measurement Model, which provides evidences on the fundamental measurement requirements of research instrument, was used to analyse the psychometric properties of the survey instrument using the Winsteps software program. The results of the Rasch analysis combined with qualitative investigation showed that the survey measured two distinct subscales or sub-dimensions of intrinsic motivation (namely positive and negative), which should be carried out separately in the final analysis. The resulted two subscales met the measurement requirements as evidenced by the individual analyses of the Rasch Model. Three misfit items were deleted from the second subscale (i.e. positive). Further items could be added to the two subscales to target the respondents with high ability measures. Recommendations were also given to revise the 5-point Likert scale used in the surveys in other related studies.

The aim of the paper is to investigate the relationship between the main factors of Cash Flows (Operating activities, investing activities, and Financing activities) and the profitability measured by Earnings per Share (EPS). The sample included five insurance companies listed in Amman stock exchange (ASE) during the period (2011-2015). To achieve the goal of the paper, and to analyze the data extracted from the annual reports, the paper used simple and multiple liner regression method. The results of the paper revealed that there is a significant impact of element of Cash Flows (Operating activities, investing activities, and Financing activities) on Profitability measured by (EPS).

Bureaucratic reform is an effort to make improvements made to the system of organizing matters relating to being institutional, business, and human resources aspects of the apparatus. Human resources are one of the most important factors that cannot even be released by an organization. This study aims to analyze and explain the reform of human resources and their implications for public services in Indonesia. The type of research used is descriptive-qualitative with a case study approach. Data collection techniques used is interviews and documentation. The instruments in this study were the researchers themselves, while the informants used purposive techniques. Data analysis techniques are "interactive models" which include the public, data condensation, data presentation, and verification. The results showed that the implementation of employee capacity building in a one-stop integrated service was well implemented, this was influenced by several factors such as education, training, and assignment, employees understood the responsibilities in carrying out the tasks given by superiors and providing services to the people. The behavior of the apparatus needs to be corrected so that they are oriented to productivity and quality of work and prioritize the benefits of the general public and social justice.

Health care sector in developing countries is striving for sustainable performance, where total quality management and national culture has considered as a key strategy for the hospitals to become more effective. Although, to understand the diverse perceptions of health care sector performance, this study aims to examine the impact of information technology infrastructure (ITI), human resource management practices (HRM) on the health care sector performance in Pakistan with the mediating effect of total quality management and the moderating role of national culture. However, this research used SmartPLS (SEM) 3.0 for the analysis of survey data (n = 249) collected from doctors working in public hospitals of Pakistan. Empirical results found that from six direct hypothesis,five have a direct strong relationship with total quality management (TQM) and organization performance (OP). Where, total quality management mediates the relationship between HRM and organization performance except ITI. Finally, national culture moderated the relationship between TQM and organization performance.

This study aims to analyse verses from the Quran in relation to Noah’s story from an intertextuality perspective. The analysis focuses on three main aspects, namely, unravelling the discoursal meaning of ?ard? ‘land’ in comparison with ?al?ard? ‘the earth’, describing the size of Noah’s Ark, and identifying the types of animals which Noah took with him on the Ark. Based on the discoursal meaning of ?ard? ‘land’, several implications arise in relation to Noah’s story in the Quran. Adopting intertextuality as a linguistic-analysis technique provides evidence that Noah’s story could have been misinterpreted by Islamic scholars.

Bullying at school creates of an insecure, and uncomfortable academic environment. It can lead to violence, antisocial behavior, and other negative behaviors. This study is aimed at examining the effectiveness of empathy training to decrease bullying behavior. This research method was quasi-experimental which was conducted between the group/pretest-posttest control group design. The subject were students of State Junior High school. The result showed that empathy training helped in decreasing bullying behavior among perpetrators, by educating them on the unpleasant conditions faced by victims of this inhumane act. This research also reveals that perpetrators can maintain a peaceful and conducive learning environment through empathy training, thereby, cohabitating and socializing better with their friends.

This article examines how Korea has to improve its current measures to meet the special needs of foreign wives by applying the principles of transnational emergency management. The current private-led approach and the future-oriented public-led approach are systematically compared in terms of four factors: the central government, local governments, volunteers, and family. For the methodology, literature review is utilized. The key finding is that Korea has to rapidly transform its private-led approach toward the ultimate purpose of having a public-led approach. The research is valuable because it studies, for the first time, the special needs of foreign wives in Korea from the viewpoint of emergency management.

The progress and the developmental changes in consumer behavior have been obvious for eras. The major transformation in the new consumer behavior because of the current economic and financial situation has become the major concern with sustainable consumption as its prime focus. This paper discusses the empirical finding from the preliminary study based on the research of Mindful Consumption (MC). The study is expected to explore the mindful consumption behavior (MCB) among working people. The role of mindful mindset, specifically self care in influencing MCB in Malaysia, will be the main subject of this study. The data was collected by using questionnaires that were converted into the Google Form prior the study. Forty-five responses were secured from an online survey which was conducted for a month and those responses were automatically being stored in Google Form platform. SPSS version 23 was used to retrieve the data from the online storage and to analyze relevant statistical measurement. The result of Pearson Correlation analysis has indicated the positive influence of self care on MCB.

Sustainability, sustainable development and education for sustainable development are increasingly central concepts, both in social practice and in the field of scientific knowledge. Sociology, and in particular Sociology of Education as a specialized Sociology, can provide relevant contributions in its promotion. This article aims to explore the importance of Sociology of Education in promoting sustainability literacy in higher education, using the Sustainable Development Goals and key competencies (United Nations and UNESCO) as the central reference in this field, and intends, thus, to become an added contribution for this discussion. The article seeks to demonstrate that the learning of sustainability literacy would benefit from the use of a sociological stance throughout this whole process that considers dimensions that are often not directly emphasized and articulated between each other, such as: interconnection of scale levels, sociological imagination, multi-paradigmatic nature, heuristic interdisciplinarity, reflexivity and use of Sociology for action.

Anbar society suffers many serious problems after the stage of forced displacement that was caused by ISIL terrorism. Major among these problems are the social problems, like social and family disintegration and locality and tribal tendencies, which have far serious consequences and themselves became the focal point of other negative consequences. Seen from this perspective the current paper seeks to be a step towards the achievement of social peace in the governorate and promote social development through real local reconciliation. The paper proposes an instant mechanism for a social development strategy that comprises programs and procedures that can be followed and be part of development plans of other sectors in the future. The paper adopts the analytical-descriptive method which is suitable in such studies. The paper includes a study of the social status of the governorate, a description of the situation of the displaced and returnees, serial procedures for the study of the proposed strategy like quadruple analysis and regional diagnosis of Anbar society, identifying priorities according to the primary and secondary aims that lead to the strategic programs and their future projects which focus on the integration of all denominations of society and giving priority to youth and females in the achievement of social development in the already weakened Anbar society. The paper draws on data from the international organizations, civil society organizations, the ministry of planning, and Anbar governorate. The paper comes up with conclusions, recommendations, and procedural suggestions to serve anbar society and participate in the achievement and promotion of a sustainable social development in Anbar governorate.

Rapid development in information and communication technology (ICT) is changing the instructional strategies in Higher Education. This study aimed to identify the level of self-efficacy of B.Ed. (IT) undergraduates of a local University in a flipped classroom. Further it also investigated gender difference among the undergraduates self-efficacy in the classroom. A group of 35 student selected using convenience sampling method. This group divided into Group 1 as control group and Group 2 as intervention. Group one consists of 17 students and two consist of 18 students. Initially the two classes answered pre-survey questionnaire of self-efficacy. Then control group was exposed to conventional teaching whereas intervention group intervened with Padlet. Data were analyzed with SPSS and revealed the intervention group has high Cohen effect (d) = .53, which is considered moderate size compared Cohen effect (d) = .17, considered small. This study clearly exhibits intervention group has better self-efficacy than control group. Further, the effect size of control group revealed decline in self-efficacy. In study exhibits there is no difference by gender in terms of self-efficacy. It is expected further study should be conducted by taking in to account sample size, duration of intervention, and method.

In order to achieve global competitiveness, university students should have core competency as creative convergent talent that can actively respond to changes, recreate culture with new ideas, and play a leadership role in a constantly diversifying society. Therefore, it is very important to analyze the core competencies of university students according to their major, grade, and gender, and to develop differentiated and systematic curriculum based on this. In this study, a core competency test (by S University, 2016) was conducted on 5770 students in years 1 to 4 at “S University” in Seoul. We analyzed the core competencies of students (creative competence, convergence competence, community competence, communication competence, leadership competence, and global competence) according to their major, grade, and gender. The results showed that there were differences in the 6 core competencies among college students according to their majors(p<.05): creativity and convergence competence were the highest in Art and the lowest in Law and Sports; communication and leadership competence were the highest in the convergence specialized free majors, and the lowest in Art; the highest communication competence was found in the humanities, and the lowest in convergence specialized free majors; global competence was the highest in the humanities, and lowest in the sports majors; Overall the six core competencies of Soongsil are the highest among those students in the convergence specialization. In addition, there were differences in core competencies among Korean university students according to the year of study students were(p<.05) in all 6 core competencies (p<.05), with the students in the 4th year being the highest in all 6 core competencies including the core competency total. The core competence of students was found to be higher in males than females in all areas of creativity, convergence, global competence and core competence, except communication. Based on these results, universities should develop appropriate curriculum considering majors, grade, and gender in order to effectively cultivate core competencies of students.

No-show reduction at restaurants can not only mitigate losses incurred when customers fail to honor a booking but also affect consumers’ reservation behaviors. This study analyzed the ability of restaurant booking policies to mitigate no-shows as well as the negative impacts. We summarize the results of the interview and suggest four mitigating No-Show policies for restaurants; they are Re-offering seats, Overbooking, Partial reservations, and No-show penalties. These four methods are also the most common mitigation No-Show policies for restaurants. A survey was conducted to understand the booking policies of the Taiwanese restaurant industry. The findings indicated that each sector of the restaurant industry possesses unique characteristics. This study shows that restaurant differentiation is important in setting booking policies. Reservation no-shows cause problems to wasted capacity and result in restaurants’ losses. Our goal is to solve the wasted capacity and mitigation no-show loss, and to offer recommendations on what restaurants should do. Study was found that the restaurant operators generally believed that it was effective to have no-show penalty. Only each restaurant still has its own operating factors that affect its execution ability; the study also found that restaurants of different sizes may have variant reservation policies

Virtual instructional leadership model (VILM) consists of seven constructs namely communicating the school’s goals, supervising and evaluating instruction, monitoring students’ progress, providing incentives for teachers, providing incentives for students, integrating mobile technology and getting involved in community support. The objectives of the study were to develop a computational of measurement model, evaluate and prove the suggested construct and indicators for VILM among principals. Data from 155 respondents collected through questionnaire were analyzed using AMOS version 22. The suggested constructs and indicators were considered accepted as measurement elements by observing a regression weight for loading factor, average variance extracted (AVE) for convergent validity, composite reliability (CR) for item reliability, the square root of AVE (vAVE) for discriminant validity, and at least three fit indexes for model fitness. The findings showed that all constructs were significant (FL= 0.80-0.91; AVE= 0.646-0.944; CR= 0.834-0.960). Finally, this study was successfully developed a measurement model of virtual instructional leadership model. Therefore, these models can be used for school leaders, accessed future research or any type of program in order to improve the instructional leadership.

An effective disaster response is crucial to any organizations. When a disaster happens, the response must be fast, coordinated and appropriate so that it will minimize the human and economic cost of disaster. In Malaysia, several states of the Peninsular are frequently affected by flooding during the monsoon season. The military has played a crucial role in disaster management and relief. The Malaysian Army are well trained in terms of combat. However, little is known about their effectiveness in handling disaster operations. The objective of this research is to examine Malaysian Army Infantry Officers’ morale, training, safety and commitment to disaster responses in the context of flood disasters in Malaysia. This research found that training, commitment, morale and safety are the critical factors that influence effective disaster responses in the Malaysian Army. This study’s methodology is descriptive and exploratory, using qualitative methods. Data collection was carried out through conducting interviews and focus groups with Malaysian Army Infantry Officers located in the Central region, Northern region, Southern region and East Coast who have been involved in flood disaster operations for the past three years. Data collected were transcribed, categorized and grouped into themes. This research found that even without specific training in disaster relief, the Malaysian Army Infantry officers are inspired, positive and ever ready to take up the responsibilities given, and that they execute them wholehearted during disaster responses. In addition, in terms of safety, the Malaysian Army has safety guidelines and protocols to protect its soldiers during disaster missions.

The purpose of this study was to investigate how leader-follower relations may affect nurses’ intention to stay by proposing and testing a serial mediation model. Using anonymous questionnaire survey, the sample consisted of 403 registered nurses from private hospitals in Thailand. The PROCESS macro (Model 6) was used to test the hypotheses regarding the serial mediating effects. As predicted, the results indicate that leader-follower relations have both direct and indirect effects on nurses’ intention to stay. Moreover, the relationship between leader-follower relations and intention to stay is serially mediated by psychological empowerment, work-life balance, and career satisfaction. It was concluded that the presence of high-quality leader-follower relations create a supportive work context in which nurses are more psychologically empowered, experience greater work-life balance, feel more satisfied with their career, and are more likely to stay at their job.

The aim of this research is to assess the effect of financial performance to Maqasid Shariah performance with shariah governance as a moderating variable. Financial performance can be measured based on three criteria: firm size (FS), return on asset (ROA) and asset structure, while Maqasid Shariah performance is measured by zakat, infaq, shadaqoh and awqaf (ZISWAF) and qordhul hasan (QH). Shariah governance (SG) is measured by the proportion of independent board of commissioners’ members, board size, audit committee, and shariah supervisory board. The data in this study are the secondary data from Islamic Banking Financial Report (IBFR) of 2012-2016. This research employed a quantitative approach with panel data regression using E-views 9.0 software. The method for the data analysis used factor analysis. The results show that the effects of FS and ROA on Maqasid Shariah performance are significant, and the implementation of shariah governance is generally proven to play a significant role in moderating the effect of FS and ROA on Maqasid Shariah performance. The better the implementation of SG, the stronger the predictability of Maqasid Shariah, and shariah governance has a positive effect on Maqasid Shariah.

In the world of high competition markets and businesses, understanding what practices need to be proposed and implemented to enhance their officers to use English at work successfully is essential. This research is, therefore, designed to explorethe models in using English at work for PEO (private enterpriseofficers) in Bangkok metropolitan, Thailand; and to develop the models in enhancing the PEO English at work. The sample was180officers with different positions, years of experiences, education levels, and genders, from variousprivate enterprises in Bangkok, Thailand. The implemented questionnaires and semi-structured interview were analyzed using statistics programs with the hypothesis testing of 0.05 level of significant. The results revealed interesting indicators for administrators/business owners and/or pedagogical/training instructors to be serious concerned if they would like their enterprises to strive for global business success. Additionally, the implications derived from the study wereidentified. Finally, the recommendations not only for administrators/business ownersand/or pedagogical/training instructors, but also for the future research were offered.

The research paper is about the efforts taken by the marketers in the new century to market the products with the most attractive term “Nutrition food labels”. Nutritional labeling is the practice of providing nutritional information on the labels of food packages. Since nutrition label introduces the product to the distributor or target consumer by providing them with all the information regarding the product. The main aim of a marketer is to achieve maximum customer satisfaction, because once if a customer is satisfied it automatically increases customer loyalty and has a positive impact on the firm’s profitability position. Our research would help the other researchers to understand the factors that will lead to final purchase identifying the factors that will influence the consumer in making their final purchase decision. The variable matrix proposed with regard to nutritional label would help the researchers in figuring out the measures that would intensely gain the awareness of making use of food labels. Further it would help other researcher to conduct similar studies in different geographical locations across the globe. Other variables can be included along with the variables identified in our study; researchers can also come up with a new study considering this study as a base paper. It is important to assign weights to most discussed variable and then to finalize the variable matrix and hence the researchers have used Dedoose software to analyze the literature review and to find the most promising variable which can be used for the present study. Moreover, lifestyle has a major impact on the consumers brand preference by giving importance to nutritious content. The researchers have concluded that the nutritious labeling descriptions should be considered by the consumers which will help them to maintain a balanced diet but are the consumers aware of the consequences of consuming the wrong product with false information. This mixed approach method has provided insights on quantitative and qualitative approach.

Service quality is a critical component in any company’s performance. Bad service creates a lousy brand image in the eyes of customers which is difficult to remove. Pakistan International Airline (PIA), a well-known airline in Pakistan is receiving criticism from its passenger’s regarding service quality. However, there are very few studies focusing on the improvement of service quality of PIA. In this research, the authors have identified the critical components of customer satisfaction with the help of Parasuraman service quality model. The authors have identified the desired and actual quality gap. The study concludes that reliability and empathy are the top most essential components of customer satisfaction. There is a significant difference in all desired and actual components of service quality. The components which PIA needs immediate improvement are its ability to provide dedicated services and better food quality during flight.

The BI is a new trend in public sector organizations that requires investigating the critical success factors (CSFs) which would provide a sound guidelines for determining the criteria to be considered during BI implementation. However, there is no sufficient empirical evidences that provide better understanding of the CSFs for the BI implementation in public sector organizations. This paper aims to identify the CSFs for BI system in the context of public sector organizations. This study adopts a mixed method approach using survey research method and qualitative interview using Jordanian public sector organization case. The findings of this research revealed that top management support, clear vision and strategic planning, team skills, user participation, organizational structure, user access and development technology are the most critical factors to BI implementation success in the public sector organizations. The findings of this study could assist the practitioners in the public sector organizations in planning, managing and implementing their BI projects properly by focusing on those CSFs of BI systems that provide them a better understanding to address issues and concerns related to BI implementation.

This study aims to examine and analyze the influence of managerial ownership level, compliance level of accounting standard implementation, and assurance quality on financial reporting quality. This study also measures the influence of the variables of financial reporting quality, managerial ownership level, and risk management quality on rural bank financial performance. The method used in this research is the verificative research method with the survey approach, statistically processed by using PLS-SEM, with the aim to obtain the facts about the phenomena that occur and to seek information on the actual and systematic financial reporting quality and its impact on the rural bank financial performance. The findings of this study indicated that the compliance level of accounting standard implementation significantly influences financial reporting quality. The variable of managerial ownership level and assurance quality insignificantly influence financial reporting quality. The variables of financial reporting quality, managerial ownership level, and risk management quality also have insignificant influence on the rural bank financial performance.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between green intellectual capital and firms’ competitive advantage in Malaysia. More specifically this study examines the impact of four dimensions of green intellectual capital; green human capital, green innovation capital, green organisational capital and green relational capital on firms’ competitive advantage. Using survey as a method to collect data from 224 managers of manufacturing firms in Malaysia, the result shows that green intellectual capital and its dimensions, specifically the green innovation capital, green organizational capital and green relational capital have significant and positive relationship with firms’ competitive advantage. Overall, the findings highlight the importance of green intellectual capital as a valuable business resource which in turn enhances firm performance and competitiveness.

In the world of high competition markets and businesses, understanding what practices need to be proposed and implemented to enhance their officers to use English at work successfully is essential. This research is, therefore, designed to explorethe models in using English at work for PEO (private enterpriseofficers) in Bangkok metropolitan, Thailand; and to develop the models in enhancing the PEO English at work. The sample was180officers with different positions, years of experiences, education levels, and genders, from variousprivate enterprises in Bangkok, Thailand. The implemented questionnaires and semi-structured interview were analyzed using statistics programs with the hypothesis testing of 0.05 level of significant. The results revealed interesting indicators for administrators/business owners and/or pedagogical/training instructors to be serious concerned if they would like their enterprises to strive for global business success. Additionally, the implications derived from the study wereidentified. Finally, the recommendations not only for administrators/business ownersand/or pedagogical/training instructors, but also for the future research were offered.

The research paper is about the efforts taken by the marketers in the new century to market the products with the most attractive term “Nutrition food labels”. Nutritional labeling is the practice of providing nutritional information on the labels of food packages. Since nutrition label introduces the product to the distributor or target consumer by providing them with all the information regarding the product. The main aim of a marketer is to achieve maximum customer satisfaction, because once if a customer is satisfied it automatically increases customer loyalty and has a positive impact on the firm’s profitability position. Our research would help the other researchers to understand the factors that will lead to final purchase identifying the factors that will influence the consumer in making their final purchase decision. The variable matrix proposed with regard to nutritional label would help the researchers in figuring out the measures that would intensely gain the awareness of making use of food labels. Further it would help other researcher to conduct similar studies in different geographical locations across the globe. Other variables can be included along with the variables identified in our study; researchers can also come up with a new study considering this study as a base paper. It is important to assign weights to most discussed variable and then to finalize the variable matrix and hence the researchers have used Dedoose software to analyze the literature review and to find the most promising variable which can be used for the present study. Moreover, lifestyle has a major impact on the consumers brand preference by giving importance to nutritious content. The researchers have concluded that the nutritious labeling descriptions should be considered by the consumers which will help them to maintain a balanced diet but are the consumers aware of the consequences of consuming the wrong product with false information. This mixed approach method has provided insights on quantitative and qualitative approach.

The aim of this research is to assess the effect of financial performance to Maqasid Shariah performance with shariah governance as a moderating variable. Financial performance can be measured based on three criteria: firm size (FS), return on asset (ROA) and asset structure, while Maqasid Shariah performance is measured by zakat, infaq, shadaqoh and awqaf (ZISWAF) and qordhul hasan (QH). Shariah governance (SG) is measured by the proportion of independent board of commissioners’ members, board size, audit committee, and shariah supervisory board. The data in this study are the secondary data from Islamic Banking Financial Report (IBFR) of 2012-2016. This research employed a quantitative approach with panel data regression using E-views 9.0 software. The method for the data analysis used factor analysis. The results show that the effects of FS and ROA on Maqasid Shariah performance are significant, and the implementation of shariah governance is generally proven to play a significant role in moderating the effect of FS and ROA on Maqasid Shariah performance. The better the implementation of SG, the stronger the predictability of Maqasid Shariah, and shariah governance has a positive effect on Maqasid Shariah.

Crises pointing to a situation that creates confusion in normal living conditions have the potential to adversely affect people and societies. Health, which is one of the areas with high probability of crisis due to its structure, is a matter of concern to almost all members of society. The media, the primary source of the public in crisis situations, has an important role in defining and framing health problems. The news frames preferred by the media can affect public opinion about who will be responsible for the crisis, from whom to expect solution. In this study, which aims to show how the crises in the health field are reflected in the newspapers in the example of Turkey in 2017, news contents have been analyzed according to the news frames revealed Valkenburg et al. (1999). The study results show that the most preferred frame for health crisis news is the responsibility and the least preferred frame is the economic frame.

One of the most important developments in tourism and hospitality education in the last decades has been the implementation of institutional and programmatic international accreditation systems to support and ensure the competitiveness and excellence levels of the education centres and the study paths they offer. Institutions in the ASEAN region can (and should) opt for these international accreditations if they aim to take profit of the various advantages they offer, but how prepared are its centres nowadays to obtain these types of certifications? In order to answer this question, the aim of this paper is to examine and critically analyse the present situation of tourism and hospitality undergraduate programs in Thailand, as an example of the ASEAN context. To carry out this evaluation, a questionnaire was directed to executive staff at the institutions offering undergraduate international programs in Thailand, and to the alumni of those institutions, based on the guidelines of the UNWTO TedQual certification. The findings of this research show that despite the overall positive result (form the perspective of both the alumni and the university staff) there are some aspects which are subject to improvements in order to enhance the performance of the programs and their possibilities of being certified with international accreditations in tourism and hospitality.

Despite numerous debates on the relationship between the capital structure and the firm performance, there is still lack of study focusing on the food processing industry, which is considered a nation contributor towards the economic growth especially in developing countries. Therefore, this study attempt to obtain empirical findings on the relationship between the capital structure and the firm performance among the food-producing firms in Malaysia for the year 2007 to 2016. The panel data analysis in this study has found that all variables in this study have a significant relationship towards firm performance. This study could contributes in such a way to fill the gap in the literature with regard to the study on capital structure and performance by highlighting such issue to the processing firm in Malaysia.

A father’s leadership style plays an important role in educating their young and building a happy family. Generally, there are three types of leadership styles for a family, authoritative (democratic), authoritarian (control) and laissez faire (permissive). Nevertheless there are some fathers who fail to properly lead their families and do not have the capacity to be exemplary towards their young due to their nature being coarse, ill-tempered, inconsiderate, irresponsible, unconcered or indifferent, autocratic, dislike for discussion with their young and so on. Therefore, this research is conducted to study adolescents’ perception of their father’s leadership style. It is designed as a survey study with questionnaire as the main research instrument. Research respondents total 454 form four students randomly selected from five schools in Hulu Langat district of Selangor. Data obtained from questionnaires are descriptively analyzed using SPSS version 22. Research results find that item ‘my father gives me freedom to choose my own friends so long as they invite me to goodness’ scored the highest mean value ( mean=3.53), followed by item ‘my father gives me the freedom to choose my own ambition and career with his guidance‘ (mean=3.51). These findings show that authoritative leadership is more used by fathers in this research. The implications of this research may assist fathers to strengthen their leadership style in bringing up their adolescents to build their potential for excellence.

Number of students as road accident victims due to human factors has been significantly increased every year. This research aims to examine the implementation management of traffic ethics education policy among high school students. This study employed mixed method, a combination of quantitative and qualitative research method. The population and sample are SMA students who ride motorcycles for their daily mobility. The sampling technique used is Multi-stage proportionate random sampling. By using Isaac and Michael formula, a minimum sample of 291 respondents was obtained. Data were collected through questionnaire, interviews, observation, focus group discussion (FGD) and documentation, while analysis was carried out in descriptive quantitative method. The research result showed that the traffic ethics education policies have been implemented well in Yogyakarta by applying well communication, disposition and bureaucratic. However, the lack of resources such as the absent of national curriculum on traffic ethics education (TEE), lack of safety road trainings for teachers and lack of families support, have limited the effectiveness of TEE in building students attitudes on using road and maintaining safety riding.

Organizations worldwide strive to achieve superior organizational performance through innovativeness. Consequently, job performance and innovative work behaviour are the pillars of organizational performance. Although the empirical evidence on the effect of creative self-efficacy (SCE) on innovative work behaviour (IWB) and job performance (JP) is consistent, there is lack of study on the direct relationship between IWB and JP. Therefore, this study explores the effect of creative self-efficacy (CSE) on innovative work behaviour (IWB) and job performance (JP) and the relationship between IWB and JP. This study used multilevel data where CSE and IWB were self-assessed by 186 employees while their respective JPs were assessed by their immediate superiors. Partial Least Square SEM was used to assess the measurement models and the path analysis. CSE is found to be a significant predictor of both IWB and JP while there is no significant relationship between IWB and JP. This finding has significant managerial implication in the context of human resource management. Integrated HR strategies are required to ensure that both JP and IWB could work in tandem by improving employees’ creative self-efficacy.

Vocational High School has an essential role in preparing the competent workers for the industry. To encounter the 4.0 industrial revolution era, Vocational High Schools must be able to keep up with developments by revitalizing a roadmap so the graduates have in line competencies with the industry’s needs. The revitalization of the Vocational High School roadmaps is inseparable from the principles of 2013 curriculum, the improvement of teacher’s quality competencies through training in the industry, and the application of student-centred learning models, such as; Project Based Learning (PrBL), Problem Based Learning (PBL) that emphasizes on ability for innovation and creativity, the improvement of education personnel’s competence, and the collaboration with business and industrial world. The fulfilment of eight Indonesia National Education Standards (NES) has become absolute. The finding of this study are four main aspects as the basic of vocational road maps revitalization, namely; (1) synchronizing the curriculum with industry, (2) revitalizing the quality of teaching staff and education personnel, (3) revitalizing facilities and infrastructure, (4) optimizing cooperation with industry, and (5) strengthening soft skills competence.

Floods are one of the most common natural disasters worldwide. In Malaysia, floods cause significant economic damage and loss of human life. The frequency and magnitude of floods are increasing due to climate change and related anthropogenic activities. This study surveyed 280 respondents living in the Temerloh district which is in the midstream zone of the Pahang River Basin. This paper highlights their flood experience and identifies the cause of floods from the view of lay people. Results show that respondents are experienced in flood and flood-related damages. However, their perception of the causes of floods focused on natural causes while ignoring anthropogenic activities such as land use changes. To identify the land use changes, we used a classified shapefile for the years 2000 and 2010 from the Department of Agriculture, Malaysia and used overlay procedure in ArcGIS 10.1. Within the ten years, significant land use changes took place which could increase future flood risks. This paper argues that a grassroots approach to solving flood-related problems is essential. Accordingly, policymakers and decision-makers should involve the local community in the decision making which may develop their flood risk perception and awareness about sustainable land use.

Being claimed as playing vital role for economic development in Indonesia, Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) still has many challenges to be aware of. Some of them are the the free market of Asean Economic Community and the competitiveness of the SME compared to other similar products. One of the outstanding SMEs is Batik SME in Central Java. Recently, Batik has been becoming popular due to its natural dying used. As people have been discussing a lot about this kind of Batik, this research focuses on analysing its competitiveness to ensure whether the natural-dying Batik can compete with other similar products in this very competitive world, especiall ASEAN market. To understand their position of competitiveness, this study elaborated its profile so that it can be better known its existence to inform other related stakeholders. To find their competitiveness, the research collected primary data using primary and secondary data. Questionnaires distribution and interview to ten Batik makers were conducted. The the data were analysed using SWOT descriptive analysis and Internal and External (IE) Matrix after IFAS was used. From the data analysis, it was found that the natural dying Batik is very potential to develop by using certain strategis. Based on the formulation of alternative strategy using Internal and External (IE) Matrix, natural dying Batik SMEs in Semarang city is at the position of Quadrant 1. The strategies that are recommended to use are Strength-Opportunities (S-O). These strategies suggest natural dying Batik SMEs to take all available opportunities by expanding their market and developing the products.

The objective of this research is; finding the relationship between entrepreneurial passion and enthusiasm variables for business persistence which produces effect on enthusiasm for entrepreneurship and persistence of business for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Chaiyaphum Province, Thailand. This research found that enthusiasm for entrepreneurship consists of commitment to the product or service, with a mean value of 3.38 and S.D.=1.26; enthusiasm for competition with a mean value of 3.53 and S.D=1.11, passion for entrepreneurship with a mean value of 3.60 and S.D=1.12, enthusiasm for opportunity with a mean value of 3.51 and S.D=1.14 and enthusiasm for development with a mean value of 3.56 and S.D=1.22. There is a correlation between persistence of business and, commitment to the product or service (r=-0.245**), persistence of business and enthusiasm for competition (r=-0.075), persistence of business and passion for entrepreneurship (r=-0.33), persistence of business and enthusiasm for opportunity (r=-0.032). Commitment to the product or service, enthusiasm for competition, passion for entrepreneurship and enthusiasm for opportunity, have a correlation with persistence of business. The entrepreneur who has an enthusiasm for entrepreneurship keeps a persistence of business.

Customer participation (CP) has received a special interest in service research. It is one of the most important aspects of services which can improve outcomes for customers and service providers. Through their participation, customers play a significant role on the service process and its outcomes. Different studies have investigated CP issues from different angels. Specifically, most of previous studies has focused on the influential factors of CP, the consequential and moderating factors are largerly ignored. However, previous studies have yet to explore an integrative framework of customer participation with multiple antecedents, consequences and moderatorsIn this study, meta-analysis was conducted by collecting data from previous studies using customer participation as its main topic. The results from meta-analysis suggested that customer participation has a positive effect on customer citizenship behaviors (i.e., recommendation, helping customers, and providing feedback), while service-dominant orientation, personality and subjective has positive effect on customer participation. Eleven hypotheses are proposed in this study. It is expected that the results of this research can enable us to get better understanding about antecedents and consequences of customer participation. The results could be very helpful for academicians to further validate the research model and could also be very useful for professionals to design and implement their service strategies.

There are diverse cultures which have been expressed and sublimed into the form of art when we look into the world history. When it comes to African American culture and Korean culture, African American’s blues, spirituality, and Korean’s Arirang have been in the deep ideological root of the two nations. Under unilateral dominance and colonization, African Americans and Korean nations needed something that could embrace and burst out their agony and sadness. It was the African-American spirituality, blues, and Arirang that sometimes became their mother, their partner and their social company, consoling their despair. Although the early African-American spiritual and blues and Korean’s Arirang didn’t have any specific musical form, they were the reflectors of the two nations’ emotion and culture. It is a legacy that best reflects the sentiment of two nations. The analysis on blues, Black spiritual and Arirang in this paper will be looked into the same viewpoint of Ayana Smith and J Rhee who claimed that African American’ and Korean’s positive power was originated from their singing of blues and Arirang. This paper will unceasingly try hard to analyze the traces of their positive identity through their history and their life story. Blues and Black spiritual were sung anywhere of their life to express their true story. Arirang and other folk songs were also sung anywhere Koreans scattered to burst out their anger, sadness and joy. Likewise, the examination of the history of blues, Black spiritual and Arirang let the readers face up African American’s and Korean’s real life in the form of art. The finding in this paper will supply people with more understanding of blues and Arirang for African Americans and Koreans who were in unique historical and cultural situation. This paper will look into how the musical foundation of these two nations could become the cornerstone of rebuilding up their positive identity in the harsh reality. It will be researched and analyzed in the view of Ayana Smith and J Rhee. This study will explore and analyze the history of blues, Black spiritual and Arirang, which played a crucial role in establishing the positive identity of the two peoples.

Recent advancements in smart phone technologies have created unique opportunity to learn and teach. Critics used to focus the drawbacks of mobile addiction and its consequences which on other side suggest going back and rejecting the technology advancement. When it comes to the usage of technology, going back is not a solution. At the same time using technology as a learning tool is not just a cool new thing. More than quarter of the student population in higher education has an access to smart phones and the number continues to rise every year. The next generation of students needs to meet and surpass the expectations of next generation educational standards. This will happen with a tremendous effort from both the sides of students and faculty alike to learn and use technology effectively. This paper reports on recent research undertaken at an Indian state university in order to understand the awareness level and influential rate of useful mobile application to leverage the communication skills among the student community. A survey questionnaire was developed and deployed based on the literature study and the data collected were analyzed quantitatively. Upon analysis, these data validate that students are well aware of mobile learning applications but the usage differs as those practices are not encouraged as a part of formal learning.

This article presents the theoretical and practical part of using the action research in teaching English for students of non-linguistic specialties in higher schools. Action research is a new process of research in Kazakhstan education that presents conducting of research by action researchers who share their findings with others in teaching. Our daily life connects with action research in order to investigate, make analysis and evaluate our work. The term action research has become particularly popular in education, especially in teaching foreign languages. Different approaches can be applied to improve the process of learning in it. Action Research is a great opportunity for creative teachers to develop different skills of students. The main purpose of this paper is to study basic concepts of action research, develop a model of action research process in teaching English, and determine the effectiveness and advantages of action research in teaching English for students of non-language specialties.

This study has undertaken an econometric analysis of economic transformation and income velocity of broad money. To find out the relevant determinants of income velocity of money this paper used time series data on year basis. This paper focus to discover the key determinants of the velocity of money in Bangladesh using the Augmented Dicky Fuller (ADF) unit root test to inspect the stationary, Engle-Granger residual-based cointegration approach to demonstrate the co-integrating association among variables. The main conclusions of this paper are: (i) relationship exists between the velocity of money and financial development. Other important variables that determine GDP growth show a negative relationship with the velocity of money but maintain a positive relationship with the deposit interest rate. Finally, this study concludes by giving some policy recommends for Bangladesh with respect to the velocity of broad money and the monetary policy.

The research paper deals with the formation of new scientific decisions regarding the improvement of the processes of resource management of agrarian enterprises on the basis of economic diagnostics of biofuel consumption. In the course of the research, the essence of the research paper is revealed and the features of the use of tools of economic diagnostics in relation to a particular energy resource as the basis for substantiation of effective management decisions concerning resource management of a modern agricultural enterprise are described. The research methodology is based on the system approach, the identification of causal relationships (deduction, induction) and the synthesis of factors that influence the implementation of the development potential and improvement of resourcing for the operation of modern agricultural enterprises in Ukraine. The research paper systematically presents the processes of providing agricultural enterprise with fuel resources as an element of the resource management system, which focuses on the direction of biofuel consumption, its economic diagnostics, the identification of problems, prospects of use and developmental prerequisites. It is shown that structured integrated economic diagnostics of biofuel consumption by agricultural enterprises as part of a certain system, action algorithm, to a large extent positively influences on the success of application in practice of the tools of resource management of these enterprises, increasing the soundness of managerial decisions in this area. This contributes to a more efficient organization of the processes of the agrarian enterprises of Ukraine, giving an opportunity to respond adequately to the variability of the market environment and create the preconditions for the long-term development.

The research paper deals with the formation of new scientific decisions regarding the improvement of the processes of resource management of agrarian enterprises on the basis of economic diagnostics of biofuel consumption. In the course of the research, the essence of the research paper is revealed and the features of the use of tools of economic diagnostics in relation to a particular energy resource as the basis for substantiation of effective management decisions concerning resource management of a modern agricultural enterprise are described. The research methodology is based on the system approach, the identification of causal relationships (deduction, induction) and the synthesis of factors that influence the implementation of the development potential and improvement of resourcing for the operation of modern agricultural enterprises in Ukraine. The research paper systematically presents the processes of providing agricultural enterprise with fuel resources as an element of the resource management system, which focuses on the direction of biofuel consumption, its economic diagnostics, the identification of problems, prospects of use and developmental prerequisites. It is shown that structured integrated economic diagnostics of biofuel consumption by agricultural enterprises as part of a certain system, action algorithm, to a large extent positively influences on the success of application in practice of the tools of resource management of these enterprises, increasing the soundness of managerial decisions in this area. This contributes to a more efficient organization of the processes of the agrarian enterprises of Ukraine, giving an opportunity to respond adequately to the variability of the market environment and create the preconditions for the long-term development.

Talent management process makes sure that the organization has sufficient supply of talented employees to meet the organizational goals. However, this aspect is important for organizations especially in the wake of the ever-changing business environmental factors such as political, social and economic factors. To undertake a critical examination of the changing dynamics in the field of talent management, the following research focuses on an analysis of the impact of political, economic and socio-cultural changes on the talent management process in oil and gas companies in GCC. As such, the main objective of the research is to undertake an analysis of the practices of talent management adopted in the oil and gas sector in GCC region and analyze the changing dynamics of the Talent Management process to suggest strategies to manage talent to improve the industry performance. Despite the advanced in the human resource management field, the talent landscape in the GCC region faces challenges in the talent management process such as talent acquisition, talent retention, and talent development. The following research focuses on the use of an empirical quantitative approach towards data collection and interpretation of the obtained data. The research advanced three hypotheses, which are tested in the research. The findings of the research provide evidence that the economic, social and political factors have a significant influence on talent management practices in this region. And it is important to consider the business environmental factors in managing talent by aligning organizational strategy with talent management strategy of the company. The implantation of technology by means of Artificial intelligence, HR analytics and automation will reduce the dependency on more employees and improving the value of HR in the organization by enlightening organizational performance and productivity with few talented employees in line with dynamic business environmental factors.

Stock markets have been found to be increasingly interdependent overtime due to activities related to internationalization, diversification, integration, and globalization. This study assesses the lead/lag interactions between equity markets in the West Africa viz a viz the United States (US) and the United Kingdom (UK) markets. Stock market index data were analyzed from 2008 - 2016 using the Granger causality test. Findings from the study indicates both uni-directional and bi-directional causality between most of the market pairs implying that none of the market exists in autarky.

Most economists agree that the emergence of substantial inflationary pressure in Iraq was due to the monetary growth arising from large increase in the money supply by government to finance enormous budget deficit. This was true especially during the comprehensive sanction imposed on the country between 1990 till 2003. Others point out to exchange rate depreciations as another cause to inflation. Such controversy about the causes of inflation in Iraq has necessitated studying this phenomenon quantitatively. Our main contribution is to assess empirically the effects of money supply, exchange rate, and import on inflation in Iraq over the period 1995–2015. Using the ARDL bounds testing approach, we estimated the long-run effects of those variables on real inflation. In addition, we attempt to draw attention to the impact of changes in global prices on the phenomenon of inflation in Iraq. It is analyzed that money supply, exchange rate and import, changes inflation to 0.59, -0.85, and 0.11 percent points respectively by one percent rise in long-run. The Error Correction model with a negative sign remained statistically significant with the approximately 34% speed of adjustment to restore the equilibrium in the long-run, which was convergent quickly.

This study aimed at exploring how pre-service teachers possessed naturalized epistemology of science. The epistemology of science has been major topics of investigation in science education research targeting pre-service and in-service teacher education. How science works including scientific investigation for achieving science knowledge was well known item in school science. The role of scientific epistemology would play in science classroom. Therefore improving teachers’ perspectives and designing advanced teaching-learning sequences along them have been substantial parts of the science education reform. Such efforts have been active when a new epistemological position emerged such as naturalized epistemology. Through this research Korean pre-service teachers’ understanding of the naturalized epistemology was explored. The questionnaire to explore pre-service teachers’ epistemological beliefs was adopted majorly focusing on naturalized epistemology of science knowledge. They were administrated to forty per-service elementary teachers. The questionnaire is composed of items using a Likert scale. According to the finding, Korean elementary teacher candidates in this study had more agreement for naturalized epistemology than for traditional one.

This study was conducted to characterise the Biology teaching practices in a teacher education institution so as to inform us the existing practices which could then be compared with the aspired practices, uncovering the pedagogical hiatuses. This study employed a form of implementation study using classroom observation. A total of three lessons drawn from a Biology course within the Bachelor of Education (Biology Major) by a lecturer in one Teacher Education Institution were observed over a one-semester period. A psychometrically-supported Observation Checklist comprising 50 items or indicators that spread across six principles was utilised in the observation whereby observers checked in terms of presence or absence of each indicator during the classroom observations. In terms of coverage of aspired teaching practices which met the quartile rule (i.e., practices which were observed more than one-fourth or 25% in the overall observations), the findings indicated that lecturers fully ensured constructive instructional alignment (100%), fostered intellectual excitement (66.7%), provided quality spaces, technology and resources (57.1%), nurtured good values, attitudes and behaviours (45.5%), nurtured a climate of inquiry and critical reflection (42.9%). Nevertheless, the characterised teaching practices indicated that the lecturer did not offer adequate diverse learning environment (20.0%). This study provides the characterisation of evidenced-based practices, uncovering the pedagogical hiatuses which could be subsequently addressed by various means such as the providence of continuous in-service courses. Empowering lecturers pedagogically will produce quality teachers which in turn, produce quality students.

Classroom discussions of literature create a pedagogically sound platform in the ELT classroom for language acquisition to take place. The pedagogic rationale for embracing literature discussions lies in the claim that they lend the necessary guidance language learners need to construct meaning, promote comprehension and seek ways to articulate their ideas, opinions and interpretations. This article discusses benefits of implementing literature discussions with undergraduate ELT students to empower their growth in oral communication. The data revealed favorable responses toward using literature discussions in language learning with regard to their benefits in building a solid foundation for learners to experiment with language by means of dialogic exchanges for the development of speaking skills.

The development of the democratic foundations of Ukrainian society highlights the problem of formation of democratic confidence and self-awareness of future educators of pre-school establishments who should be prepared not only for the independent professional activity in the conditions of democracy, but also for social protection of the rights of pre-school children in cooperation with other subjects of a democratic society. The article outlines the essence, structural components, criteria and indicators of the formation of democratic confidence and identity of the student youth. The methodology and results of diagnostics of the level of democratic confidence and students’ self-awareness are presented. The actual aspects for modernization of the content of social and humanitarian training of future educators in pre-school educational institutions on the principles of human-centered philosophy and the theory of democracy as the power of the people are proposed. The results of the approbation of the author’s elective course “Democratic Principles of the Ukrainian State” are highlighted.

Quality of service is a major competitive advantage within the tourism industry and cruise liners are no exception. In recent years, the Asian-Pacific company Star Cruises has striven to strengthen and retain the loyalty of its customer base in an increasingly challenging market. This study aims to look at the interface between Star Cruises’ service quality dimensions and customer satisfaction level by analyzing data on one of its ships, the Super Star Libra, with its homeport in Penang, Malaysia. An adapted version of the SERVQUAL model was used by the researchers to evaluate the quality of service and customer satisfaction aboard the Libra, as was a questionnaire, whose instruments were developed from past studies. 102 questionnaires were given out to and collected from passengers who had ridden aboard the Super Star Libra. Results indicated that service quality dimensions such as tangibility, responsiveness, reliability, assurance, and empathy had a significant bearing on customer satisfaction. The latter also helped determine which cruise customers would prefer to spend their vacations on in the future. The outcome of this research provides useful guidelines for cruises that intend to capitalize on the quality of their service to both maintain the satisfaction of their existing customers and attract more potential customers going forward.

Self-determination of a woman is important for her self-realization at the beginning of the XXI century. A modern woman successfully combines two careers. She presents herself as a specialist and wife / mother. French writer S de Beauvoir drew attention to this in her novel "Magic Pictures" in 1966. Her heroines make it possible to understand the psychological problems of women. The classification of archetypes of goddesses in accordance with the stereotypes of modern women was applied. This concept logically complements feminist criticism and helps to investigate the way the archetypes of the goddesses are manifested in the images, respectively, "feminine", "feminist" and "female" concepts. This will contribute to the clarification of the parable in the works of S. de Beauvoir. S. de Beauvoir uses psychoanalytic approaches to distinguish conscious and unconscious in heroines of literary works, and great attention is paid to unconscious motives and feelings. The writer distinguishes psychoanalytic symptoms, conditions of women to display their personal "psychodrama", which is reflected in literary conflicts. S. de Beauvoir interprets conflicts as external and internal. During the analyses of the writer’s works we also differentiate the conscious and unconscious in her heroines, observe conflicts between men and women, between generations, between the desires of one person, in order to understand better the "mental" state, which promotes character’s development as an existant. The writer made an extremely important artistic and aesthetic contribution into the creation of "feminine" artistic images, which reveals the archetype of Aphrodite, that through the issue of choice introduces the idea of the importance of "love", deprives of feelings and the status of the "?ther" as an inferiority complex, reaching the level of self-realization of an existant.S. de Beauvoir explores the phenomenon of literary existentialism as a problem of choice which a character has to face and contributes to its evolution. S. de Beauvoir’s creation of influential characters, according to "feminine" concept, achieves the highest resonance in the mid ?? century and extends to the beginning of ??–XXI century.

Due to the recent financial scandals, there has been a growing need and debate amongst researchers on variables to strengthen the corporate governance of a firm. This study examined the relationship between foreign expatriates on board and financial performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria. Applying panel methodology for the period of 2008 to 2016 as well as other econometric analysis such as descriptive analysis, correlation analysis and Hausman test, the findings revealed a positive but insignificant relationship exist between foreign expatriates on board and financial performance of sampled deposit money banks in Nigeria. The study recommends that banks should ensure that they have an appropriate number of foreign directors on their board who have diverse skills and wealth of experience in order to make their performance on the banks significant. Also, developing countries who don’t have access to foreign directors can train their local directors in foreign countries so as to gain access to the benefits of global knowledge and experience.

The implementation of social projects is an increasingly popular and effective practice. The subjects of all age groups can be their target audience: from preschoolers who want to promote their creative potential, young people focused on professional self-determination to middle age persons taking interest in the expansion of their information horizons and opportunities of older people who want to address gaps in knowledge in order to adapt to social and technical changes. The paper deals with the problem of andragogic education as a factor of adaptation and socialization of older people who feel fear and uncertainty in the world that is shifting to the common usage of information technology. The purpose of the paper is analysis and description of the process of educational support with the use of social project planning of a vulnerable group of older people. The novelty is practical results obtained on the base of a pedagogical university when implementing socially oriented projects on the generation of computer literacy in older people. The “Available environment: computer literacy improvement” course allows this social group not only to adapt to ever-changing conditions of life but also contributes to their spiritual and physical longevity, social activity and improvement of the quality of life in general. The results and effectiveness of the social project are evaluated using questioning, interview, and observation before and after delivered lessons. The assessment criteria were formed and subjected to adjustment in the course of project implementation and are based on quantity and quality factors. The main criterion was the students’ formed steady motivation to further independent use of the computer, development of computer skills and practical use. Further demand of the course and findings allowed stating the achievement of set goals.

Vector Autoregressive Model (VAR) lead to the integration of production and export decisions of rice. The main objective of the study is to determine the main factors influencing Egypt’s rice exports. This model can also be used to study the prospects of Egyptian rice exports. The results of variance decomposition confirm that the most important variables influence the value of Egyptian rice exports is Egyptian export price, and the empirical analysis of Vector Error Correction Model relieves the possibility of improving the competitiveness of Egyptian exports of rice in global markets in the forecast period (2015:2025).

Throughout the lives of human beings, starting from one’s birth to their death, one may see that rights and obligations are always present. The issue of inheritance comes up at the end of a person’s life. The division of one’s inheritance is a complex matter, especially when it comes to the right to inherit for a child that is born from a Surrogate Mother. Surrogacy procedures are a form of Assisted Reproductive Technologies that aids married couples who are unable to have an offspring naturally due to health issues or abnormalities, and therefore must be assisted by these treatments. There are two different types of Surrogacy, namely Traditional Surrogacy and Gestational Surrogacy. Traditional Surrogacy is legally allowed in Indonesia, but there are no laws that specifically regulate Gestational Surrogacy; there are however, laws that imply the prohibition of it being practiced as a method of Assisted Reproductive Technologies. According to Indonesian laws, a child born from Gestational Surrogacy is considered either an illegitimate child or a child born from adultery, thus creating a problem regarding their inheritance, for the child will be unable to receive inheritance from their parents, even though the intent of Gestational Surrogacy is to have a child for the intended parents to raise as their own. This article will discuss the legality of Gestational Surrogacy as well as the issue of inheritance for a child born by the procedure; this includes regulations that tackle the issue and hopeful solutions for the issue at hand.

Latin and Greek are primary donor languages to Swedish and Danish, which do not belong to the Romance but Germanic languages. The present study conducted a vocabulary survey to examine the advantage of frequently used Swedish and Danish vocabulary of Latin or Greek origin and their English equivalents for learning Swedish and Danish. The Oxford 3000 list was used as the primary reference of high-frequency English words. As a result, 556 loanwords of Latin or Greek origin are included in the most frequently used 3,000 Swedish and Danish words and approximately 430 loanwords can be used with a similar pronunciation in English. Therefore, the present study concluded that knowledge of most used Swedish and Danish vocabulary of Greek or Latin origin could help speakers of English learn Swedish and Danish.

The aim of this paper is to contribute to the literature of why people are becoming fond of online shopping nowadays. Surprisingly, online shopping has become much easier since some brands have started to display their designs on phone applications or website which makes the work easier and saves time of consumers. People nowadays like to spend their free time by surfing the internet no matter anywhere and anytime. For many respondents, the online shopping has almost become an addiction. The purpose of this study is to explore the extent to which the online shopping is preferred by the consumers and the factors which motivate them to engage in online shopping. In this empirical research, it has specifically put an emphasis to identify the factors which influence the consumers to do online shopping. The purpose of this research also is to investigate the factors that influence the consumers to become addicted with online shopping. The study also unveils importance of time saving, ease of use and accessibility as factors influencing consumers to become addicted with online shopping. Therefore, today it is true that consumers have become addicted with shopping through websites due to ease of availing it.

The aim of this study is to investigate whether the two types of accounting conservatism (conditional and unconditional) mitigate the risk of falling operating cash flows in the presence of cash holdings of Jordanian companies for the period from (2005–2014) for a sample of (160) companies listed in Amman Stock Exchange (ASE). By using the principle components analysis method in the SPSS system to generate a composite measure for the measurement of the conditional conservatism (CC_CM) consisting of three measures: negative accruals (CC_NACC), current accruals to total accruals (CC_CACC), and accounting conservatism to the good news (CC_ACGN). As well as to generate another composite measure for the measurement of the unconditional conservatism (UC_CM) consisting of three measures: total accrual (UC_TACC), book to market (UC_BTM) ratio, and skewness (UC_Skew). In order to measure the downside risk of operating cash flows, we used the root lower partial moment of operating cash flow (RLPM_OCF). We find that two types of accounting conservatism are significantly positively effect on cash holdings. In addition, we conclude that there is a significantly negatively indirect effect for accounting conservatism on downside risk of operating cash flows in Jordanian companies that have cash holdings. It means that the increasing of the accounting conservatism leads to the increasing of cash holdings, which leads to mitigate the operating cash flows downside risk.

A lot of structural changes and innovations have occurred both at international and national financial system. Simultaneously, household savings and investment attitude and preference have increased. Emergence of new financial institutions and instruments came into existence to cater the needs of public. Mutual Funds are one of the ideal avenues available to investors. The growth of Mutual Funds industry is comparatively higher than other industries in India. But compared to global outlook, the share of Mutual Funds industry does not touch even 5 percent (Anonymous). Indian investors prefer to invest more in traditional avenues as compared to Mutual Funds. All this, in aggregate, heightens researcher concern that why Mutual Funds could not succeed in India? With this background, an attempt is made in this research to study the perceived problems and perspectives of retail investors for investment in Mutual Funds.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between feeding habit and the health of undergraduate students and to also ascertain the level of awareness of students on the nutritional value of food consumed followed by what necessitate their choice of food and how it affect their health. A stratified and simple random sampling method was adopted. Five research questions were raised in the study. Data was collected using a well-structured questionnaire (distributed to 220 students of Landmark University Kwara State, Nigeria out of which 200 were returned for analysis) along with an in-depth interview. The research design was descriptive survey. The theories used for this research are the rational choice theory and social learning theory. The major finding of the research shows there was a significant relationship between feeding habit and the health of students. There was no relationship between the cost of food and the feeding habit of students. The result revealed that (86.5%) of students’ choice of food was based on availability. The effect of feeding habit on the health of students indicated lack of retention (49.5%) while illnesses such as stomach pain, stooling, ulcer and food poisoning were the common reported cases. In conclusion, it was recommended that students should consume food based on its nutritional benefits and not just based on availability. Also the Nigeria government should drive the goal of agrarian revolution in order to meet the food need of the country at a cheaper rate.

There is a gap between the expectations of end users of audited financial statements of deposit money banks and the quality of audit reports produced by statutory auditors. This study evaluated the application of forensic audit techniques as an effective strategy for bridging this expectation gap. Survey research design was employed; questionnaires were distributed to 4 different groups of respondents residing in Abuja namely: staff of Federal Inland Revenue Service, potential investors in selected deposit money banks’ shares, shareholders of the selected deposit money banks and representatives of corporate customers of the selected deposit money banks with head-office in Abuja. Guaranty Trust Bank Plc, Zenith Bank Plc, First Bank of Nigeria Plc, Union Bank of Nigeria Plc and Diamond Bank Plc were selected for this study in Abuja, Nigeria. Judgmental sampling technique was used to determine a sample size of 80 from the aggregate population. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used in analyzing the data collected. The results from all the hypotheses tested confirmed that the inclusion of forensic audit techniques (investigative, financial, regulatory and value for money) as integral part of the statutory audit process can significantly reduce the expectation gap between the quality of statutory audit reports and end users’ expectations of deposit money banks audited financial statements.

The aim of this paper is to examine the present psychic issues experienced by First Nations / native children that hinders many young individuals which lead to major issues in the present-day society. First Nations children encounter many physical and psychological hurdles in their lives, and such obstacles either cripple their personality development or help them channelize their inherent potential. Hence, the study focuses on Drew Hayden Taylor’s play, Girl Who Loved Her Horses, which stages the difficulties that are faced by the native children, and how they overcome it positively. The critical intervention of this paper is limited to the protagonist, Danielle, a girl who resorts to drawing horses in order to give vent to all the distress that stifles her life. It also emphasizes on the significance of the horse in the lives of native people whose lives are embedded with the non-human being, respecting the cosmic forces that governed their lives. The paper finds that art plays a significant role in shaping Danielle’s personality which otherwise would have been stunted on account of the inaffable living conditions of the First Nations.

This paper developed the employees’ competency model based on the literature review of both the United Kingdom (UK) and the United States of America (US) approaches. Furthermore, experts’ interview is applied to justify the model in the Vietnamese context. A competency model comprising of seven dimensions with ASK (Attitudes, Skills, and Knowledge) components at each dimension was constructed. Then, the fuzzy logic approach was used to prioritize the importance of the dimensions in the employees’ competency ranking model. It was found that critical thinking and problems solving was the first criterion expected by the employer in the Vietnamese labor market.

Peacock motifs have a long historical background and mythological significance in the Indian subcontinent. It is one of the most dominant motifs used in Pakistani truck art. This paper examines and compares several selected peacock motifs painted on trucks from different regions in Pakistan. It analyses the different shapes and styles of peacock motifs based on their aesthetic forms and themes particularly of religious and patriotic elements. By employing visual rhetoric theory of artefact proposed by Sonja K. Foss and Aristotle’s rhetorical triangular spectrum, this paper explores the characteristics, features, and persuasions of these peacock motifs as well as its variety of stylised forms with intrinsic appearances, patterns, placements, and influences of the regions’ cultures in truck arts.

Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) is a powerful multivariate statistical analysis technique which combines both factor analysis and multiple regression analysis. It is capable of analysing the inter-relationships among latent constructs simultaneously in a model. These latent constructs are measured using certain number of items in a questionnaire. Covariance-based SEM (CB-SEM) or full SEM have become the choice for many researchers in a variety of disciplines because of their ability to evaluate complex relationships using parametric statistical approach. Researchers could also opt for Variance-based SEM (VB-SEM) or Partial Least Square-SEM (PLS-SEM) when their data failed the parametric assumptions such as multivariate normality distribution and minimum sample size. However, the approach of VB-SEM or PLS-SEM is a non-parametric instead of a parametric approach in CB-SEM. This article compared the performance of both SEM approaches using the same dataset to validate the Measurement Model for Maqasid Syariah Quality of Life (MSQoL). The findings of both analyses suggested that CB-SEM or full SEM is more appropriate to validate and confirm the MSQoL measurement model.

This study aims to examine whether and to what extent tax incentives given to firms affect their corporate social responsibility activities. We use a corporate tax cut which took place in Thailand during 2012 and 2013 to explore the corporate tax allowance on corporate social responsibility activities. Such a tax cut constitutes a nature experiment that allows us to study precisely the behaviors of firms before and after the policy shift. Our analysis reveals the importance of tax incentives in explaining the corporate social responsibility activities. That is, we find that corporate income taxes and the CSR activities are negatively correlated. A large-scale tax cut led to potential higher profitability, which makes firms becoming financial more capable of investing in larger CSR projects which they would not, be able to consider under the tougher tax scheme. This result provides important implications to policymakers, not only in Thailand but also elsewhere, on whether benefits of tax-shielding serve as a key motivation to the firms’ corporate social responsibility activities.

This paper discusses the importance of holistic assessment in the teaching and learning process at all levels of education, both in schools and in higher education institutions. Redesigning classroom assessment for holistic learning to improve student learning is not a new idea. Educators conduct assessment for a variety of purposes such as determining the level of student academic achievement or identifying weaknesses and strengths of students. Educators need to be equipped with ways to maintain these processes to determine the quality of student achievement. Assessment should reflect the understanding that learning is a complex process by engaging a varied selection of techniques, comprising those that require real and authentic performance, utilising them over a period so as to disclose evolution, progress, and emergent steps of integration. The assessment should be continuous and balanced. Implementing holistic assessment benefits the students, teachers and stakeholders. Educators should develop courses with diversified teaching and learning materials that enrich students’ learning experiences with appropriate and authentic activities. Holistic assessment ensures that curriculum is developed to relate to the real world requirement of the tasks and setting that demand thought-provoking conditions to challenge the students. This paper focuses on applying various assessment methods that need to be mastered by educators to ensure students benefit in terms of their personal growth, strength and their learning process. It also offers some recommendations that could help in augmenting assessment, teaching and learning.

The main aim of this study is to investigate the impact of strategic planning on human resources management practices. 100 questionnaire was distributed among the managers in the Ministry of Electricity in Iraq and only 59 questionnaire was received. SPSS software was used to analysis the data. The study examines the relationship of strategic planning on HRM practices. The strategic planning has three constructs i.e. Strategic Analysis, Strategic Attitude and Strategic Selection while Human resource practices has four constructs i.e. Selection, Training, Incentives, Performance Evaluation. The findings indicted that significant positive relationship of strategic planning with human resource practices. Hence showing that better strategic planning will result in better HRM practices.

This study formulated a model of Islamic economic orientation towards microfinance institutions (MFIs) in Solok Indonesia. The approach method used is Participatory Action Research (PAR) on Islamic economics in social change. This study produces three models of Islamic economic orientation, namely social, profit and social-profit. Thus, this research helps the community in implementing a more reliable Islamic economy.

Competencies are skills set required for effective working performance in a real-world’s task or activity at the workplace. To develop competent workers in organizations, Human Resource practitioners need to establish training and development for their workers. In the context of an organization, organizational and professional development refers to any types of educational experiences, learning opportunities and competencies related to workers’ task. This paper provides an overview and framework for designing effective organizational and professional development systems towards better workers’ competencies. A non-experimental, descriptive, cross-sectional, web-based survey design was used to examine structure, process, and outcome variables associated with organizational and professional development. The findings suggested that HRD practitioners perceived the importance of organizational and professional development with regard to workers’ developmental process and organizational performance.

The performance of a company can be determined by several factors like corporate governance and risk management. Adequate corporate governance will create a good corporate climate that makes company able to achieve its maximize profits. The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of the size of audit committees, audit committee expertise, institutional ownership, corporate performance and its impact on executive compensation. This study uses purposive sampling method. The research sample is 86 of manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange from 2013 to 2015. Data analysis method used structural equation modeling (SEM) with WarpPLS 6. The results showed that the number of audit committee personnel and audit committee’s expertise had no effect on company performance. However, institutional ownership affects the performance of the company. Furthermore, company performance does not contribute significantly to executive compensation. This study is useful for corporate internal system and gives policy makers a better understanding of corporate performance from management perspective. Furthermore, this paper contributes to the literature by identifying the role of audit committee characteristics, institusional ownership, and executive compensation in company performance.

A sample of 583 individuals of different ages and from different social and cultural backgrounds took part in a semantic priming study to explore their self-concept and self-esteem mental organization and structure in the human lexicon. Findings yielded by separating the sample into four groups showed that age and cultural background affect how humans organize self-esteem content and structure. Specifically, word recognition of physical attributes related to self-esteem provides support for the idea of a fractured mental representation of the self to cope with demands of ideal body stereotypes. It is suggested that meaning formation related to physical self is different from that based on abstract self-concept and self-esteem. This conceptual organization seems to help individuals to cope with ideal body stereotype demands and to avoid possible psychological disorders related to self-esteem affecting the so-called schematic individuals.

The paper examines the mediation impact of employee loyalty in the relationship of employee ownership and financial performance of state-owned entities of Pakistan. Employee ownership is measured as percentage holding in state-owned entities, and financial performance is assessed trough profitability ratios; net profit margin and return on assets. Employee loyalty is determined through questionnaire circulated among the employees covered under the scheme. Meanwhile, secondary data is collected from already published sources. The study reveals that employee loyalty partially mediates the impact of employee ownership on the financial performance, which will support the policy makers to design corporate policies.

The Jemaah Tabligh dakwah approach study uses quantitative studies based on the Structural Equation Model (SEM) to analyze the various relationships between variables in the model. This study aims to develop and verify the validity and reliability of the instrument using the Exploration Factor Analysis (EFA) to measure the construction of religious charities, religious knowledge, method of delivery and emotional intelligence in the field of dakwah. This study has adapted the instruments developed by some earlier researchers, and also modified some statements in accordance with current studies. Therefore, it is necessary to re-run the Analysis of Factor Analysis of the Exploration (EFA), as the current study area may differ from previous studies, or the current study population is far different from previous studies in terms of socio-economic status, ethnicity and culture (Awang, 2010). Overall, the findings revealed that 15 items were abolished after the EFA was implemented. Only the reduction of items for the construction of the Ibadah Amal only, is 15 items. This reduction is due to a number of things that have been built before, no longer suitable for current studies or there are different item structures in current studies compared to previous study structures. The researchers need to recalculate the value of Internal Indicators of the current instrument for the new Alpha Cronbach value. Based on Awang’s suggestion (2010; 2012), researchers decided to carry out the EFA re-item to measure the construction and in this study will be described in detail the procedure for conducting an EFA analysis for each construction.

The current paper was intended to determine the ambient discriminatory practices pertaining to human resource management (HRM) in two different telecom company situated in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Hundred and twenty employees working in the company were contacted for this investigation randomly to get the ideas about discriminatory human resource management (HRM) practices. Questionnaire related to discriminatory human resource management (HRM) practices including biographical information blank sheets were administered to the subjects to determine the discriminatory practices related to human resource management (HRM). Mean and graphical symbol were used to examine the data and the results of the investigation discovered that discriminatory HRM practices existed in terms of training & development, job analysis, recruitment & selection, intention to stay in the company, compensation & benefits, co-workers relation, performance appraisal, working condition, communication and security & health but in a marginal form. The researcher has recommended further study to eliminate ambient discriminatory HRM practices to make the employees more enthusiastic and vigorous to perform well and play important role in the developmental process of organization.

This study has been conducted to probe the relationships among job satisfaction, supervisory support, organizational commitment and employee retention in the pharmaceutical industry of Pakistan. Based on an extensive literature review an instrument was adopted from different studies. Study respondents were employees of the pharmaceutical sector in the four big cities: Islamabad, Rawalpindi, Lahore, and Peshawar. Responses of total 260 employees of the pharmaceutical industry were recorded and analyzed. After analysis of collected responses using SPSS and AMOS, it has been concluded that organizational commitment, supervisory support and Job satisfaction of employees has a significant positive impact on Employee retention. Supervisory support is the top most important variable in the retention of employees. Job satisfaction has the least impact on employee retention. Findings of the study can be implemented in the pharmaceutical sector and other economic sectors as well for retention of employees. This study is beneficial for the practitioners as it’s the empirical evidence of a widely used management statement that “People don’t leave companies, they leave the managers.”

The Religious Education (RE) subject is one of the ways to transmit beliefs, practices, and values as well as to develop an Islamic identity to the students. The literature on Islamic schools and students’ identity points to the continuing importance of Islamic education subjects. The main aim of this study is to explore how the RE subjects shaped students’ identity at schools. The methodologies employed are participant observations and 72 semi-structured interviews. Thereafter this study embarks on two case studies; Maktab Mahmud Alor Setar, Kedah, Malaysia and New Horizon Community School (NHCS), Leeds, the United Kingdom as they offered Islamic education for Muslim girls. Although the ideas of culture, belief and policy have influenced the wider framework, the findings show that in different contexts and countries majority of the students agree that the RE has influenced their identities. This study also shows the negotiations that take place between the culture, belief, policy and the Islamic schools in the formation of girl’s identities, the process of inculcation of self- identity and how different it is in comparison to Leeds. This study helps the Islamic schools to offer a better syllabus for RE subjects, guide the students to be a good Muslim and make the RE’s syllabuses suitable to the contemporary society.

Adoption of alien fish species for aquaculture has become a common practice in Bangladesh. In this study, the socio-economic factors responsible for alien species adoption by fish farmers in Bogra District of Bangladesh were investigated. Data on adoption and socio-economic factors were collected from randomly selected 110 fish farmers. A multiple regression model was used to determine the factors influencing the adoption of alien fish species. The majority of the respondents (62.7%) belong to the moderate adoption category. The results showed that socio-economic factors such as commercialization, social participation, innovativeness, knowledge significantly affected fish farmers decision to adopt alien species. A stepwise regression analysis reveals that farmers knowledge on aquaculture is the deterministic factor regarding adoption. The trend of adopting alien fish species is not a concern limited to the study area, rather it reflects the general scenario of the aquaculture industry in Bangladesh. Therefore, socio-economic studies on alien fish species adoption could be helpful in forecasting future trends and formulating management strategies.

The tourism industry is an industry that uses services as its products, yet the services themselves are intangible. There are many different aspects to the tourism industry and one of them is accommodation, which includes hotels. Most hotels face similar issues in their operations and business, and technology is one way to listen and respond to complaints from guests. Technology has helped many industries to grow and flourish in the modern age. The tourism industry is one of the industries that relies heavily on technology. Hotels use technology for reservations, payments, room smartcards, taking orders at restaurants, and many other things. Travel search engines are the main reference for guests, other than the official website of the hotel. This paper aims to study the factors and level of customer satisfaction in a budget hotel in Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia, based on guests’ online reviews. This research was conducted by analysing the secondary data gathered from booking websites. Using the data selected from the travel search engine, it is hoped that the findings can measure the level of customer satisfaction at this budget hotel and provide methods of improvement for future business operations.

This study aims at identifying the impact of the elements of medical insurance contracts on the profitability of hospitals- a case study. To this end, the researchers collected the financial statements and the analytical reports of medical claims and the determinants of the origin of these claims (the actual deduction) from the accounts of the Islamic Hospital as well as the contracts and agreements signed between the Islamic Hospital and insurance companies showing the agreed contractual deduction on the hospital services, (The Medical Laboratories Department, Radiology Department, Pharmacy Department, Medical Procedures Department, and Medical Supplies Department) for the period 2006-2016. A set of appropriate statistical methods were applied through the SPSS program. The study results show that the study variable has, to a large extent, an impact on the profitability of the Islamic Hospital. The study provided a set of recommendations, mainly: establishing a division of medical approvals and audits that coordinates between the insured and the insurance company to guarantee the veracity of medical procedures.

This study examines the factors influencing material weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting among the companies in the property industry in Malaysia. Specifically, this study examines six factors namely firm age, firm size, financial health, financial reporting complexity, rapid growth and corporate governance. Using content analysis on the annual reports of 80 property companies, this study shows that only firm size has a significant influence on the material weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting. Other factors however, show no significant influence on the material weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting. The result in this study indicates that small companies tend to have material weaknesses in internal control due to them having limited resources in building effective internal control. These companies generally could not afford to spend on expertise such as internal auditor or consultant to assist in improving and strengthening internal control. The findings of this study shed some lights to the regulators and practitioners on the factors influencing material weaknesses in the internal control over financial reporting. Of consequence, this would reduce information asymmetry between the insiders and outsiders of a company and thus, increasing the quality of financial reporting.

This study aims to explore Islamic thougt in Islam Malay archipelago which is seen from social studies, intellectualism and contextual culturales approaches and aspects that illustrate some of the developments that occur and will describe the social and political conditions underlying the birth of this thought. This type of research is literature review, namely a series of studies relating to library data collection methods, or research whose object of research is explored through various library information. The nature of this research is descriptive analysis, namely the regular breakdown of data that has been obtained, then given an understanding and explanation to be well understood by the reader. This research finding is globalization will be a threat and is considered to still threaten the Malay identity if we are not able to understand Malay identity correctly in an inclusive Malay context. Culture is essentially an endless effort of society to respond to challenges. While nationality, is a statement of will to be one nation. Therefore, the concept of open culture requires that the Malay people not only have to open themselves and accept the entry of external cultural elements that are considered positive, but also must be strong and capable in preventing the entry of destructive elements.

Every year, the Republic of Korea (Korea) welcomes new immigrants, thereby transitioning from a homogenous society to a multicultural country. Of these immigrants, migrant workers represent the largest group, followed by women who immigrate as spouses to Korean men. One great concern of Korea’s policymakers and healthcare providers is how Korea’s healthcare system can handle the deterioration of health observed among married Asian female immigrants. The health care system, mediated by the competitive relationship between local clinics and hospitals exacerbate the problem. The authors present possible solutions to the problems through a conceptual model of the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES), Korean healthcare system, food insecurity (FI), and health status. Different policies are proposed including: before you/she come (s) policy, foreign women workforce participation policy, poverty alleviation policy, health insurance policy for migrant women, health professional training policy, food insecurity policy and dietary acculturation policy. More government owned hospitals or private clinics should be built in rural areas. Married migrant women with good income seem to enjoy better health. Developing rural areas though economic empowerment will certainly create job opportunities.

A study of the tax behavior of overseas Americans, both individuals and small firms is proposed. The researcher aims to discover and model behavior, through text analysis of data collected from a wide range of sources using interviews, surveys, blog and forum postings, published reports as well as personal communications, to demonstrate and inform using the pattern matching method initially proposed by Trochim (1989). Text mining and modeling techniques, using unsupervised machine learning facilitate large-scale analysis, and have been widely deployed in a range of language-based studies, driven by human-machine interaction. Major multinational corporations are excluded, and the study focuses on individuals and the smaller-scale juristic persons such as small and medium enterprises (SME). Behavioral approaches to taxation will motivate a better understanding of the phenomenon tax avoidance and tax evasion, once quantitative modeled. Overseas Americans are taxable, no matter where they reside globally, on the basis of having American citizenship. Non-citizens with a USA connection may also be subject to US taxes. The range of US taxable entities operating overseas include corporations, individuals, estates and trusts, and many of the small businesses filing as flow-through entities under the individual code, namely S-corporations, sole proprietorships, and partnerships, will be included in the study. There are an estimated 9 million taxable overseas Americans corporations and business entities. The Congressional Research Service (Gravelle, 2015), reported that as many as 100 billion U.S. dollars may go uncollected, due to tax evasion and a similar tax shortfall figure of 100 billion dollars is due to tax avoidance. Avoidance tends to be attributed to U.S. origin, multinational corporations and evasion by the smaller entities. The tax collection is exacerbated by changes to the 2018 tax code, which encourages compliance through tax cuts to a fixed 21% rate for the corporate sector, and reduced taxes for individual , opening up new avenues for aggressive tax avoidance strategies. A gap in the literature is the uncertainty regarding changing of the U.S. tax code in 2018 and how it will affect overseas American tax entities.

In this paper I use data, that I have collected on corporate acquisition transactions among electricity companies worldwide during the period 1994-2004, to test the hypothesis of organizational performance homophily as an acquisition network-selection mechanism for firms in the electricity industry. I report clear evidence that performance considerations are taken into account by international electricity firms while choosing their network partners. The methodology used in this study is based on the stochastic actor- oriented models for social network analysis.

Uterine fibroid has been identified as one of the most prevailing health challenges among African women. Previous studies focused on the prevalence and prevention of fibroid among women in general, especially with regards to the biomedical science perspective. However, little attention has been given to social dimension of this medical condition particularly among Celibate-women. This study therefore investigated the prevalence and prevention of fibroid among Celibate-women, in the Catholic Ecclesiastical Province of Ibadan, Nigeria. The Data collection technique was triangulated, hence 375 questionnaires were administered on the Celibate-women through a total population sampling technique while key informant interview were conducted for 28 purposively selected respondents. Findings revealed a prevalence rate of 48.0% among the Celibate-women. No specific preventive measure against fibroid was reported; however 48.3% reported that they would have preferred traditional preventive medicine, while 35.2% indicated preference for orthodox medicine. There is high prevalence of fibroid among Celibate-women and its prevention is characterized by uncertainties among this group of women in the Catholic Ecclesiastical province of Ibadan. There is need to sensitize Celibate-women on the risk of fibroid.

The goal of this study is to identify the most efficient practices in exercising the digital public administration in the context of implementing the innovative potential of national economy. This goal was achieved through highlighting the distinctions and peculiarities of Social Credit System as China’s administration model. The study determines the impact of Social Credit System on economic and social indicators of China’s economy. The authors assessed the efficiency of Social Credit System based on the indicators of the countries, which had the alternative approaches to digital public administration and were characterized by a high level of application of digital technology to monitor the economic processes. This paper provides evidence that the Chinese system of digital administration has its own advantages in implementing the innovative potential of national economy as it highly impedes the increase in corruption. However, this system is inefficient in ensuring market transparency.

The purpose of this study was to study the effect of mathematical mental calculations training on increasing the cognitive and emotional abilities of children and students. Two sample groups with 306 people (148 ones in the group of mathematical mental calculations training at the intelligent children’s institution and 158 ones in the formal training group) were selected among male and female children and students in Tehran City who were selected by stratified sampling method. Based on three groups of age 6 old, 7 - 8 years old and 9-11 years old, mathematical ability tools, Toulouse concentration test, standard tests of mathematics, science and Persian literature, basic mathematical skills, contemporary self-control scale, Pope self-esteem and reading progress. Results based on factor analysis of variance, multivariate factor analysis of variance and t-student methods showed that there was a significant difference between the groups of mental calculations training and formal training in different age groups and these differences were related to gender in some groups.

This research aimed to develop a physical activities learning model (MPAF) based on critical thinking skills (CTS) among children aged 5 to 6 years old and to evaluate its validity, practicality or commitment, and effectiveness in implementing the CTS based –MPAF among those children. The data were collected from 14 students of TK (Kindergarten) Negeri Pembina Surabaya through both qualitative and quantitative methods. The finding revealed that teachers played a vital role in learning process and could be confirmed by a successful achievement of valid, practical and effective critical thinking according to the determined standards. Conclusion: CTS based – MPAF can successfully work if the teachers precisely realize the learning principles in early childhood education and CTS based – syntax referred to available references.

The study examined inventory management and organisational efficiency. The classical inventory management techniques were applied to an organisation’s inventory system. A door sales company in Ilorin, Nigeria that volunteered information on the basis of anonymity was used and relevant data were collected on six types of doors; panel, flush, sliding, folding and as well as manual and electronic garage doors. The company had no scientific inventory management strategy but the EOQ, inventory cycle time and reorder level were computed for the six doors using the average values of the data obtained for 2011-2017. The results show that the company can minimise its total inventory cost by consciously adopting an inventory management policy of ordering 55 panel doors, 41 flush doors, 41 sliding glass doors, 18 folding doors, 18 manual garage doors and 8 electronic garage doors respectively every cycle time of 17, 14, 17, 30, 35 and 34 days respectively or by placing the above orders each time the inventory level of panel doors, flush doors, sliding glass doors, folding doors, manual garage doors and electronic garage doors fall to 32, 24, 24, 5, 3 and 2 respectively and thus minimise the total cost of inventory.

One of the most critical marketing topics which have been discussed extensively by both academicians and practitioners over the past decades is brand equity. This study aims to integrate previous literature and developing a comprehensive framework to identify the antecedents, mediators, moderators, and consequences of brand equity. In order to verify the appropriateness of the proposed research framework and research design based on literature review, this study first adopted a series of in-depth interviews to collect data from experts. The research framework was developed based on the comments of the experts. The results indicated that three major dimensions of variables, including cognitive factors, experiential factors, and marketing factors have significant influences on brand equity. Brand personality, brand trust, and brand loyalty have served as three of the mediators that can mediate the influences of cognitive, experiential, and marketing factors on brand equity. Furthermore, brand equity can be a significant indicator of brand preference, behavioral intention, and word of mouth toward the brand. Two major aspects of moderators, including relational moderators and psychological moderators, can amplify the influence of brand equity on brand preference, behavioral intention, and word of mouth. Eventually, 28 research propositions were developed to integrated the antecedents, mediators, moderators and outcomes of brand equity. Since most of the previous studies do not integrate into a more comprehensive framework of brand equity, the results of this study have provided as an important reference for academicians to conduct further empirical validations on the research of brand equity. The results are also very useful for professionals to identify their marketing and promotion strategies to enhance brand equity and the profitability of the firm.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of continuity and smoothing of profits on the relationship between corporate profits - Stock efficiency taking into account the heterogeneous profit relationship – efficiency on companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange, generally, profit has always been a factor in investor decisions. In this regard, on the one hand, accounting and stock returns are linked together, on the other hand, the variable of earnings quality is related to accounting profit and stock returns. So it may be that the question arises what is the effect of the continuity and smoothing of profits on the relationship between accounting profit and stock returns? The present research seeks to answer this question; as a result, the main question of the research is presented as follows: What is the effect of continuity and smoothing of earnings on the relationship between earnings and stock returns for listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange? To check this, the data of 123 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 2012-2016 were used; data was analyzed using the Logit method using Eviews10 software. Evidence and empirical findings have shown that; both profit continuity and profit smoothing criteria have significant effects on the heterogeneous relationship between current period earnings and stock returns.

Basic journalistic tenets such as transparency, gatekeeping and objectivity were considered at risk due to the rise of use of social media by journalists and news media. Resultantly, large numbers of news agencies have started issuing provisions and guidelines for their staff to manage their social media use. This study explores the complex relationship of selected news organizations with given use of social media. The content analysis is applied on the guidelines for the use of social media obtained from 12 news organizations, and their link with basic journalism principles is explored. The key purpose of the current study is to provide insight for scholars and Arab media management to have better understanding of journalists use of social media and how these guidelines are implemented by various leading news agencies. Practically, the observations in the study are helpful for news organizations who are defining their provisions or rules for social media use by their journalists.

Shariah-Compliant Hotel (SCH) is a new innovative concept in the field of the hotel which is growing rapidly in this upscale business. The purpose of this study is to measure the service Quality of Shariah-Compliant Hotel (SCH) on Muslim Customer in Shah Alam to achieve the objective, the journal uses the observation method which is to spread the questionnaire. The population is all guest that have stayed at Islamic hotel in Shah Alam with a total sample of 120 guests. This study using the convenient sampling method. This finding is helpful to find out the important points in the Shariah-Compliant Hotel to serve as a benchmark that the variables used in this journal. Through this data, businesses can see what guest ‘need and want’ in the SCH concept. This research will emphasize the variable supporting factors of customer satisfaction such as facilities, restaurants, grooming staff, and building design. Overall, all variables, get good responses from respondents, which is more than four (> 4, Agree). Therefore, these four variables are very important to get customer satisfaction that will sustain customer loyalty.

Imam Hanafi believes that zakat funds should not be saved or invested. While Imam Maliki, Imam Syafie and Imam Hambali stated that zakat funds could be spent on a specific condition. This paper aims to analyse the investment of zakat funds at the zakat institution Pulau Penang (ZPP) from the view of zakat Experts. The question is, whether investing zakat funds is allowed? The objective of this paper will use secondary data through content analysis methods. Research findings show that Experts have two views, namely the first group that does not allow and the two groups that justify. Zakat Experts in Malaysia are more likely to view the investment of zakat funds is required for the interests of the eight legitimate recipients (asnaf) itself. Their reason is the benefit of the people. In ZPP, zakat fund investments are more concentrated in non-material. The forms are like Zakat Hemodialysis Center (PHZ) and the development of education, when in the form of investment materials made in fixed deposits in Islamic banking institutions. Can also show that zakat fund investment is justified if the following the sharia invests.

Latin is the primary donor language to German and Dutch. In this study, a vocabulary survey was conducted to propose the advantages of frequently used German and Dutch vocabulary of Latin origin and their English equivalents for learners of German and Dutch. The Oxford 3000 was used as the primary reference for the 3,000 most frequently used English words, and the author analyzed the frequency of their German and Dutch equivalents. As a result, 432 loanwords of Latin or Greek origin were found to be included in the 3,000 most common German and Dutch words. Therefore, the present study concluded that possessing a knowledge of basic German and Dutch vocabulary of Latin or Greek origin effectively assists English speakers in learning German and Dutch.

The flipped classroom model has become more popular and one of the focus of many researchers and teachers in the recent years. The aim of current study is to explore the effect of flipped classroom model on students’ achievements in the new SAT 2016 mathematics skills (Heart of Algebra, Problem solving and data analysis, and Passport to Advanced Math) for the eleventh grade Emirati female students in Al Ain, United Arab Emirates. Specifically, this study aims at determining whether there was a statistically significant difference in student achievements in the new SAT mathematics skills between two groups of grade 11 students. Thus, pretest/posttest quasi-experimental design was applied. The experimental group was taught by flipped classroom model, and the control group was taught by traditional instruction methods. The results revealed that there is a statistically significant difference between the pretest and posttest of the experimental group over the control group the new SAT mathematics skills. Furthermore, the findings suggest that teachers who teach mathematics standardized test skills like SAT can use flipped classroom model to enhance students’ readiness and to improve their thinking skills to simulate the 21st-century skills.

Rambu solo’ has a significantly important role within Torajanese’s life cycle. The study aimed to elaborate the social meaning of Rambu Solo’ as viewed from the perspective of symbolic interactionism theory. The study was done qualitatively using case study approach. Techniques of data collection involved observation and interview. The study results show that there are two options of Rambu Solo ceremony types namely; bukan rapasan ceremony and rapasan ceremony. The two options of Rambu Solo’ ceremony poses social meaning in economic, cultural, solidarity, spiritual, affection and social status fields based on the aspects of imagining, interpreting and developing self-concept as viewed from the perspective of symbolic interactionism theory.

The primary purpose of the paper to analyze the impact of Human Capital Migration on the social sector of Azad Jammu & Kashmir. Population of the study was the above matriculation (10th grade) migrants shifted from Pakistan to abroad. A sample of 300 people was request to fill the questionnaire out of which data collected from the 225 participants. To strengthen the study, we utilized both primary as well as secondary sources for data collection. Regression and correlation statistics utilized to identify the association between the predictor and outcome variables. Conclusively, there are numerous root causes of the Educated Human Capital Migration from the Mirpur Division Azad Jammu & Kashmir. This study finds that the Economic Factor, Social Factor, Job Opportunity Factor, Political Factor, Education System Factor, Pure Science Factor, Technological Factor has a significant impact on the phenomenon of Brain Drain. In the long run the migration of Educated Human Capital destructs the institution as well as the region. Study is benificial for the policy makers of Azad Jummu and Kashmir to attract the skilled migrants back to their orgin. The acamdicians can further study thus topic to explore the Brain Drain at demographic level.

The aim of this study is to investigate the key factors affecting foreign direct real estate investment (FDIRE) in Turkey’s economy. A DOLS-FMOLS estimator model was developed to investigate the determinants of FDIRE in Turkey. Data was used between 2003Q1-2018Q2. This study differs from the previous ones in that this particular topic is being researched as regards the economy of Turkey for the first time. The results showed that the most important variables affecting foreign direct real estate investment in Turkey was openness and exchange rate. Furthermore, economic growth also has a positive impact. On the other hand, interest has been found to be the most negative factor affecting investments. Moreover, the increase in building construction costs directly reduce foreign real estate investment. The results show that the gradually increasing openness of Turkey’s economy contributes to the increase in foreign investments in the real estate market.

The aim of this research is to analyze the influence of Fraud Pentagon in detecting the phenomenon of financial statement fraud. In this research, there are 5 variables that are hypothesized to affect fraud. These variables are derived from the 5 elements of the fraud pentagon, namely Pressure, Opportunity, Rationalization, Competence and Arrogance. The population of this research were property and real estate companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) 2014-2016. The research used the purposive sampling technique and found 35 companies, within 3 years of observation. Thus, the total number of samples studied was 105. In this research, the hypotheses were analyzed using logistic regression analysis. The results indicated that Pressure, Opportunity, Rationalization, Arrogance have an influence on financial statement fraud. Meanwhile, Competence does not have influence on financial statement fraud.

Tourism development in Ubud raises new paradigm that encourages city hotel and hostel investment in the area. Ubud, which was once secluded for the development of mass accommodation facilities, now has begun building various brands managed by hotel chains that threaten the existence of homestay owned by residents. The dilemma is not only these homestays must survive with market change, but they also must compete with the “giants” like Evitel (Asiawood Hospitality Management) and MaxOne (Milestone Pacific Hotel Group) offering relatively similar price. Looking into this phenomenon, the study conducted a survey to 163 homestays in Ubud to see what this local homestay has to support their existence: competing for the "giants" of the hospitality industry. Results of the survey were then being elaborated through an in-depth interview to selected homestay owners and administrator. Literature studies were also being conducted, ensuring five main factors that contribute to homestay competitiveness in Ubud, namely experience, digitalisation, innovation, market and location.

Disaster management is often portrayed in negative rather than positive terms. Although, it is claimed that proper preparation for any disaster has been planned, it frequently fails to achieve positive outcomes from the planning itself. The emergency operation and coordination center (EOCC) which is the central point for all coordination and organising works is normally to be blamed for disaster response failure. Hence, the objective of this study is to examine issues with effective emergency operation and coordination center (EOCC) during disaster response. This study uses a qualitative research method. The researcher conducts an interview survey and focus group discussion for data collection in order to gain a comprehensive overview of the situation and understand the phenomena involved. The population for this study is infantry army officers. Purposive sampling is used such that only those personnel involved in disaster response are interviewed. This study found that the EOCC organization structure is clear and it follows the command and control military hierarchy. The leader with the relevant rank, having the experience and knowledge on managing disaster and having the respect and control from subordinates is appointed for the leadership role in the EOCC. However, inter-agency cooperation can be an issue as there is an overlapping of roles and responsibilities and inter-agency power struggle. Therefore, this issue leads to chaos and tension in the EOCC as there would be variance and inconsistency in the coordination and communication among infantry personnel and inter-agency.

Ethnicity of minority group shifts in a plural society with a strong influence of core ethnic groups and thus minorities give up their ethnic identity and become identified with the larger society. Although Malays in Sri Lanka constitute 0.3 % of total population and are dispersed widely throughout the country, the prospect of their integration with core ethnic groups is largely significant compared to other ethnic groups. Although much has been written about Malays and their genesis in the island, studies on integration of Malays and its implications on their ethnicity has suffered scholarly neglect for many years. Thus, this study examines the degree of integration of Malays with other ethnic groups in Sri Lanka and the factors contributing to endanger their ethnicity. This is a qualitative study consisting of observation, interviews and focus group discussion as data collection techniques. This study argues that high integration by Malays with other ethnic groups has significantly endangered their ethnicity. This is attributed to mixed educational and working environment, interspersed settlement, shared religion, and absence of prejudice and stereotype against Malays by others. It is assumed that the identity of Malays would be eroded in future if the present trend of integration persists in the community level.

This study uses latent variables of burnout, confidence, organizational citizenship behavior and customer loyalty. The data used are primary data and collected using an explanatory survey. The total population is 3,841 customers. Samples taken were 200 respondents. The instrument used is a Likert scale at the Bank Lampung Office. The instrument was tested using validity and reliability. Requirements for analysis using tests of normality, homogeneity, linearity, and significance of regression. Data analysis using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results found that burnout had a direct negative effect on customer loyalty, confidence had a direct positive effect on customer loyalty, burnout had a direct negative effect on organizational citizenship behavior, and organizational citizenship behavior had a direct positive effect on customer loyalty.

The elevation of Science and scientific knowledge above other disciplines and knowledge all over the world is not without reason or justification. Science has made life easier for people. It has reduced the level of superstition. Above all, it has made the world a global village. However, it has come with its own challenges. In a world dominated by science and technology, can Philosophy, an arts discipline, play major roles in the development of a nation? Is Philosophy still relevant in the development of a modern society? These and other related questions are answered in the affirmative in this paper. The paper argues that Philosophy has crucial roles to play in the development of a nation. Therefore, whatever science must have achieved should be complimented with the values inherent in philosophy that this paper examines. The methodology Adopted Is A Critical Analysis.

Aim: The Aim of this article was to compare the lifestyle of Islamic and Western students based on the school of secularism. Lifestyle is a category that has been attended by scientists from different schools in the new age. Western scholars from the Renaissance later on have provided many articles on this subject and considered it a new category. Western scholars differed in their worldview and ideology, of which, including the secular school of thought. The secularist insight, which is a special and evolved form of nouns such as materialist and humanistic, has been devoted to the world and its followers. Methodology: The research method was a field study and a library study. By expressing concepts related to lifestyle by Western scholars, students turned into a particular lifestyle that they considered desirable according to their type of thinking. Because the kind of insight and type of ideology plays a very important role in choosing a lifestyle. But in traditional and religious societies such as Islamic society, Islamic lifestyle is based on Islamic worldview and ideology, and it has conflicts and differences with Western lifestyle and secularism. This article tries to "compare the lifestyle of Islamic and Western students based on the secularist school". Results and conclusion: western Secular Student Involves Four Characteristics in Lifestyle: 1) The human-centered worldview 2) A wise man in the world 3) Man is limited to the material world 4) Originality of consumption in determining lifestyle. But the characteristics of the student lifestyle from the perspective of the Quran and hadith are as follows: 1) Godliness and belief in the position of human caliphate on earth 2) Sense, Reason and Revelation, Elements of Human Knowledge 3) The close relationship between the individual and the community 4) The Origin of Spirituality and Humanity in Determining the Lifestyle 5) Component Science for Evolution. The principles of difference in these two are: 1) Differences in the type of worldview 2) Differences in the source and factors determining the type of lifestyle 3) Differences in anthropology 4) Difference in attitude towards science.

Rapid changes in the global environment, as well as the fierce competition among hospitality companies to obtain competitive benefits are well-prepared leadership, high-performing employees and innovative approaches. Leadership, employee performance, and innovation are key factors that help the hotel industry remain competitive and provide excellent services. This paper aims to investigate the mediating effect of employee performance on transformational leadership style and organizational innovation in the hotel industry in Makkah and Madinah, Saudi Arabia. In this regard, studies that are related to the hotel industry in Saudi Arabia are scarce. This research, therefore, contributes to the hospitality industry studies, as well as the hoteliers. Seventy-two local and international five-star hotels in Makkah and Madinah are selected for the study analysis, and rank-and-file employees are targeted as the respondents. A total sample of 371 respondents is studied. A Google link containing the survey form is administered to the employees through the departments’ heads at the selected hotels. The obtained data are statistically analyzed using SmartPLS. The findings showed that there is a positive mediation of creativity between intellectual stimulation and inspirational motivation on product innovation. This will, in turn, promote organizational innovation.

The cultural practice of obsessive feasting suggests not only individual attitudes to food but also a collective state of spiritual emptiness. In Jessica Hagedorn’s Dogeaters (1990) most male characters’ hunger for food is never satisfied. Their expressed desire to eat at any given circumstance is often aligned with vocalized or wishful sexual urges. Their female counterparts either eschew food ascetically or demonstrate a corresponding degree of gastronomic crave. In this novel, hunger and its direct association with consumption do not define a festive, harmonious environment. Rather, satisfaction of desires is set against a violent, politically charged background. The discussion below traces the representation of hunger and food consumption in the novel to gain fresh insights into the problematic nature of the neocolonial modes of living in Manila. To this end, we argue that Manila in Hagedorn’s Dogeaters is consumed by a collective insatiability and instability fostered by the hegemony of a capitalistic/postmodern dynamic that continues to define the cultural attitudes and practices of the citizenry in the neocolonial city of Manila.

The article presents an overview of counseling in Botswana, an update of the history, current status, anticipated future trends and challenges in light of the social and educational development in the country. Counseling in Botswana has evolved over years. The initial effort started in 1963 with an introduction of career guidance in secondary schools. The development of guidance and counseling programs for schools has influenced a number of psychosocial intervention services and training programs. A number of training programs emerged at Colleges of Education and at the University of Botswana. All these developments had several challenges in the area of developing robust professional counseling service statues. The article discusses the current status, future trends in counseling and make recommendations for future development of the profession in Botswana.

This study was conducted in a traditional Islamic boarding school (IBS) located in West Kalimantan. Among the existed boarding schools in the area, Pondok Pesantren Abdussalam was chosen due to its potential. This study adopted qualitative approach, utilized observation, documentation, interview and focus-group discussion (FGD) technique in collecting the data which then being analyzed using action research technique. The originality of the study is as follow: the study in this topic area has not been conducted previously, especially the one which focuses on the integrated economics improvement of IBS in rural area. The study result shows that there have been some economic activities in the institution in spite of its remote location. Additionally, the economic activities have been provided the institution with some benefits. However, the effect of such activities have not been felt fully yet. There have been three reasons in regard with this situation, namely insufficient human resources who have expertise in existed economic sector, limited capital as well as infrastructure factor. We propose the synergetic model to solve these three issues. The model is a cooperative model which can be implemented both with internal institution such as internal sharia micro-finance institution or with external institution such as local government or universities.

Potential conflicts between citizens and the government always color the pace of toll road construction, in terms of land acquisition, land acquisition until the completion of the construction phase. The conflict began with the presence of Watudakon villagers protesting against the construction of toll roads that crossed their territory. This happened because the residents considered the land purchased by the implementing party, namely PT Marga Harja Infrastruktur (MHI), far below the general market price. In principle, the construction of the Jombang-Mojokerto toll road is intended for the benefit of the community, but it should be noted that the potential for conflict is still ongoing even though the inauguration of the toll road has been carried out by the Indonesian president Joko Widodo. This situation results in the turmoil of minority conflicts which can result in large conflicts which lead to anarchic actions due to the lack of understanding of the law in the community. The method in this study uses qualitative with a case study approach and the writing is descriptive, that is by examining existing objects and want to give an idea of the object of the research. The data sources used in this study are primary and secondary data. In order to produce a discussion of land disputes, toll road construction disputes, dispute disputes and dispute resolution through court channels to produce the amount of compensation payments to the communities affected by the release.

This research was conducted to investigate the correlation between generic skill with metacognitive skills through Problem-Based Learning model. This is a correlational research studying the correlation of the five indicators of generic skills, namely thinking skill, problem-solving skill, leadership skill, management skill with cooperative skill, and metacognitive skills through problem-based learning model. The population of this research was the biology students taking animal structure course at the teacher training and education faculty of the Siliwangi University Tasikmalaya Indonesia; the sample consisted of 30 students. Multiple linear regressions were used to reveal the correlation regression equation between students’ generic skills and metacognitive skills. There is a strong correlation (R= 0.742; R2 = 0,551) between generic skills and metacognitive skills in learning to implement problem-based learning model; so the contribution of generic skills on metacognitive skill is 55.1%. Among the five indicators of generic skills having a significant simultaneous contribution on metacognitive skills, only the thinking skill and the management skill having bigger contribution, The effective contributions (EC) of management skill and thinking skill are 33,1% and 21,3% respectively. Generic skills and metacognitive skills should be explicitly included in every learning objective, so that various skills needed by the students in the future can be trained and developed as early as possible.

The study investigated the relationionship between parenting behaviors and academic achievement. The objective of the study was to inquire the functions of parenting on academic achievement. The study was conducted in Tulu Yombo Junior School, Oromia regional state, Ethiopia. The study was conducted from January 2018 up to September 2018. The study employed a cross-sectional research design. The population of the study was 200 students of grade 7 and 8. Subsequently, 50(25%) samples were selected using stratified random sampling. The study was a pure quantitative research type. For this reason, it used a survey questionnaire which is close-ended to identify the styles of parenting the parents of the students employed. The questions were prepared to be responded in “Likert Scales”. On the other hand, record scores of academic achievement were used as secondary data. The data were analyzed and interpreted using One-way ANOVA and Honestly Significance Difference (HSD) statistical test. The result of the study revealed that children of Authoritative (democratic) parents scored (x¯ =80.75) significantly higher in their academic achievement than did children from Non-authoritative. However, no substantial difference was observed in the academic achievement of students from authoritarian (x¯ =61.3), indulgent (x¯ =53.8) and neglectful parents (x¯ =52.4).

Knowledge of foreign languages to a great extent depends on a teacher’s methods and methodological approaches. Among the number of certain methods we choose grammar-translation and direct methods. In spite of the fact that these methods were popular last century, they are still widely used nowadays. The usage of them presented their fundamental advantages and some disadvantages, used in our practice. This paper was written on the basis of theoretical aspects’ research of the problem, on analysis and synthesis of scientific literature and on personal experience of teaching English during nearly one year in Chernihiv Academy of the State Penitentiary Service (Ukraine). During this period of time we were observing the problem of teaching English with the help of grammar-translation and direct methods by the students and cadets who were taught with the help of these methods. Studying the problem of grammar-translation and direct methods in teaching English is acute because of increasing role of English, on the one side, and demands which are promoted to future law specialists, on the other hand. The significance of this issue arises in detection of peculiarities in teaching English in the educational institution with specific conditions of study. Solving this problem with the help of differentiated approach to teaching English to students and cadets facilitates high qualitative changes. Novelty is in applying famous methods such as grammar- translation and direct methods in the new surroundings. The results of our work were described and compared in this paper. The findings revealed the implementation of the mentioned methods in the high institution with specific conditions of studying. The described methods can be admitted by other foreign language teachers. However, we reached a conclusion that the mentioned methods may be modified.

Japanese immigrant has become very momentous situation in Thailand development over a decade as same as Chinese migrant movement to global migration labor. The situations have developed from economic values merge to social adaptation and 2nd generation. The implementation for this research could lead to understanding of few Japanese migrant situation studies in Thailand which relates to developments situation, social credibility, and skilled labor from 2002 until the present. The research aims (1) to find out and clarify the push and pull factors of Japanese immigrant in Thailand to indicate the Japanese migration role, (2) to analyze the role of Japanese immigrant in Thailand through nationality issues and (3) to indicate migrant management system reconstruction in Thailand in the future. This research is a critical study case of documentary research from the accessible secondary data, PEST analysis (Political with economic, society, and technology) is used to analyze in clarifying of macro push and pull factors of external concerned points with relate to government and Japanese migrant until the few studies of 2nd Japanese migrant in Thailand possibly. According to Thailand and Japan situations that might be concerned to Japanese migrant in Thailand, the long-term effect of Japanese immigrant will cultivate to Thailand society over generation in the sense of migrant management. As the first step of this study, tourists, non-immigrants, immigrants and 2nd generation of immigrants are issues compared and future approach possibly. Results of this study indicate; (1) The role of Japanese migrant push and pull factors are the essential point of development issues, (2) A few 2nd generation study of Japanese migrant in Thailand is crucial for government approach. (3) Limitation of migrant management system which relates to Japanese. Consequently, Japanese migrant increasing in Thailand; investment part to social adaptation and next generation migrant, the government should realize to reallocate the migration system such as social credibility from state/ company/ local government to Japanese migrant group. This study would strengthen linkages between Thai and Japanese sectors (investment enterprises, society, and positive diversity cultivation).

In both developed and developing societies, entrepreneurship is not only considered panacea to youth unemployment; it is regarded a vital strategy of economic growth and national development. In a developing society like Nigeria, studies have shown its importance in creating employment opportunities for the youth but such studies neglected the usefulness of Igbo business mentoring. Also, other studies have shown different strategies for starting enterprenurship but it has been observed that such studies ignored the Igbo business mentoring (nwa boy) in-spite of its reputation for raising entrepreneurs among youth in the South-East Geo-Political Zone of Nigeria. Given this, the present study, used data from secondary source to: (i) find out factors which predispose youth to engage in Igbo business mentoring (nwa boy); (ii) ascertain the differences between Igbo business mentoring (nwa boy) and other forms of apprenticeship; and (iii) investigate the contributions of the Igbo business mentoring (nwa boy) to small-scale enterprise, job creation and national development. Based on facts in the literature review, the study argued that Igbo business mentoring (nwa boy) has been promoting self-employment drive among youth in the region. It also maintained that it has been contributing to entrepreneurial activities in the zone and across Nigeria. Finally, the study averred that the scheme could become a veritable stratagem for addressing the problem of unemployment among youth if the government, at all level, could lend its support to it. With government support for the scheme, youth in other Geo-Political Zones of the country could engage in it so as to be self-employed and be free from the scourge of unemployment.

The current study aims to assess the effect of cash flows of activities (operational, investment and financial) on market values in industrial companies stocks. The study adopted secondary sources for data collection from the annual reports of Jordanian industrial companies (52 companies) for the period 2007-2016. Furthermore, the study followed the descriptive analytical approach for data analysis in addition to utilizing the Gretle Stata model to test hypotheses. Results indicated a positive statistically significant effect for each of operational and investment activities on market value of industrial companies, while there was a negative relationship between financial activities and market value of industrial companies.

The purpose of this study examines the determinants of the quality of financial statements review, namely the procedure review, education level and time pressure on the quality of government financial statements reviews Jayapura City area. Goal Setting Theory is used to explain the relationship and influence of research variables. The population of 110 employees is the Government Internal Supervisory Apparatus (APIP) Jayapura City. The sample in this study amounted to N = 55 officers and obtained through purposive saRegional Inspectorate of mpling technique. The method of data analysis is multiple linear regression using survey data. The research findings indicate that the procedure reviews, the level of education is influential positive for the quality of the review of local government financial statements. While the time pressure has a negative effect on the quality of the review of the Jayapura city government financial statements.

Due to the importance and special nature of kindergarten stage on children’s cognitive, social, emotional and psychological growth, this study aimed at identifying the main teaching competencies required for kindergarten teachers in China. To achieve this objective, an observation card was applied on a group of 41 teachers from different kindergartens. The findings of the study suggested, firstly, that the levels of teaching competencies might be divided into five levels. This classification might be attributed to the variables of the study; namely, specialization, qualification and teaching years of experience. Secondly, the findings also revealed that, on the one hand, there were statistically significant differences according to the variable of specialization and the years of experience. On the other hand, no significant differences were found due to the variable of academic qualification. On the basis of these findings, a group of recommendations were put forward.

The article deals with the monitoring as the way of measuring students’ quality in learning the socio-humanities disciplines in the context of economic education. It is proved that it can become a way of measuring and evaluation of the efficiency of educational process, gathering practical information concerning improvement of the quality of learning. The monitoring helps to find defects and weak points in educational process. The theoretical fundamentals of the investigated problem give an opportunity to the authors to present their own interpretation of the monitoring of the quality of learning as permanent, systematic supervision, control and diagnostics of the quality of future specialists’ educational achievements. The analysis of pedagogical scientific studios gave an opportunity to define the following indexes of quality of learning: quality of educational process; a motivational sphere; creation of comfort educationally-emotional climate. The quality of educational process by means of the system of mutual visits of lessons of the social-humanities disciplines according to the detailed indicators of quality of learning has been analyzed. Special attention has been paid to the motivational sphere to the learning by the students of economic specialties as one of the main sphere that influences the quality of knowledge of future economic experts. The existence of emotionally favorable climate has been investigated at the lessons of the social-humanities disciplines. The author’s methodical recommendations for improvement defects according to the indicators of quality of learning have been offered. The research results show the urgent necessity to find the efficient ways of reorganization and updating the existing mechanism of evaluating the quality of learning the social-humanities disciplines by students of economic specialties. The efficiency of the received results is confirmed with the help of pedagogical experiment data.

A strand of literature supported sourcing of fund internally via debt relative to foreign debt. The principal and interest on such internal debt is a reinvestment into the economy which would frequently have a chain investment effects. This study investigates the domestic debt sustainability level, crowding out effect and its implication on employment in Nigeria. Through the application of Maastricht Treaty Indicators, it was revealed that the domestic debt level in Nigeria is not sustainable. The long-run equation, using employment as the dependent variable showed that there is a negative relationship with domestic debt, employment, aggregate output and credit to private. The correlation analysis shows that aggregate output has a negative relationship with employment and credit to the private sector. The findings were in line with previous studies that emphasised the need for broad-based growth in Nigeria. The implications of the result showed that the gradual increase in domestic debt in Nigeria has a crowding-effect on the private investment which had resulted in negative implications on employment generation through the private sector. Hence, the study recommended the need for a proper channel of investment through domestic debt with the aim to increase the productive capacity of the economy, Among others.

The research study addressed the problem of Indonesia’s potential economic growth and the country’s attractiveness as an offshoring destination. As a developing country and the fourth most populous country in the world, the future of Indonesia’s economy is bright. However, Indonesia is still not as famous as India nor China as an offshoring destination. First, the researcher wanted to understand the situation of Indonesia’s economy and what can be improved to be an attractive offshoring destination. Then, this research was using A.T. Kearney location criteria index and Farrell framework that were adopted in previous studies about the topic. The data gathered from secondary and primary sources were analyzed with the content analysis method. Result shows that Indonesia needs to ensure attractiveness and an increase in wage demand needs to be supported with the increase in the availability of more educated and government’s effort in accelerating the infrastructure development, although corruption, unstable politics, and diminishing purchasing power still produce doubts to do business in Indonesia.

In this study, we focused on the development of a simulation program for a Gifted Education Center in South Korea. We introduced our simulation program, which focuses on the concept of balancing concept in physics, and analyzed students’ reasoning and perceptions. According to Brunner’s EIS (Enactive, Iconic, and Symbolic Representation) theory, the simulation was designed to be abstracted gradually from iconic to symbolic. A simulation in three stages was developed, including game-like, indirect questions such as finding the number of all cases of balance. Three classes of students in grades 5 and 6 consisting of 44 gifted students in Korea participated in this study, and their reasoning and perceptions were analyzed. The results of the analysis of students’ reasoning indicated that more than 70% of students predicted the phenomenon using mathematical models. Some students (17 out of 44 students) used particular strategies to count all cases of balance. Students perceived that the simulation program helped them to understand the phenomenon, considered that the simulation was not difficult and that the lecture, feedback, and teaching materials were satisfactory. Regarding self-participation, students perceived that they experienced new methods for exploring, were made keenly aware of phenomena and principles, made efforts to engage in creative thinking, and actively communicated with their peers through the simulation program. Through this study, we suggest an example of a gifted student program using a simulation and describe its successful application. Simulation activities, which form the context of this research, can lead to research related to computational thinking, which is crucial for our future society. We hope for more discussions to elaborate on and systematize context and methods of computer simulations.

The article analyzes the current level of corruption as a threat to Russia’s economic security. By the method of generalization of the provisions of the legislation, the features of corruption in Russia in the context of economic security are studied, the characteristic of corruption crimes is given. The dynamics of the corruption perception Index in the Russian Federation for 2015-2017 published by Transparency International is studied. Economic and statistical methods of data processing and analysis studied the indicators of corruption in Russia in 2015-2017 on the basis of official data. The value of damage to the country’s economy from corruption is revealed. The dynamics and structure of penalties for corruption crimes in Russia in 2015-2017 are studied on the basis of the generalization of data of the General Prosecutor’s office and Judicial Department at the Supreme court of Russia. Based on the calculation and analysis of the economic security indicators of the Russian Federation for 2015-2017, the impact of corruption on the economic security of the country is assessed. The level of economic security in the country under the influence of the mechanism of corruption is revealed. Methods of positive and normative approaches, abstract-logical and systemic approaches have revealed the directions of the negative impact of corruption on the economic security of the country. The mechanism of influence of corruption on economic security of Russia is presented by graphic method. The social danger of corruption in Russia is that it has a destructive, destabilizing effect on all state institutions and impedes the progressive development of the global legal order. The public danger of corruption is also linked to its latent nature. Corruption has a significant scale that threatens the economic security of Russia, but its real level is almost impossible to establish. Data on corruption in cases registered in the Prosecutor’s office and the judiciary, as well as international expert agencies, allow us to state a high level of corruption in Russia.

Sexually transmitted infections are a group of diseases that include syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydial and mycoplasma infections, trichomoniasis, herpes and HPV infections of the genital organs. In addition, sexually transmitted human immunodeficiency virus, causing a disease called acquired immune deficiency syndrome. According to the World Health Organization, every year more than 340 million people aged 15-49 suffer from sexually transmitted infections worldwide. The basis for the prevention of the spread of sexually transmitted infections and infection with the human immunodeficiency virus should be considered the presence of internal moral attitudes. The motive for the start of sexual life should be your own conscious decision, and not pressure from a partner, fear of losing him, desire to please him and preserve the relationship. Despite the rather wide spread of sexually transmitted infections and the occurrence of infection with human immunodeficiency virus, the implementation of the simplest recommendations guarantees the safety of intimate life and preservation of health. A clear legal regulation of actions of a sexual nature, associated with the risk of infection or entailing infection with sexually transmitted infections, helps to curb their distribution. It is essential for maintaining the sexual health of people of young and mature age, which is an important resource of any country.

The article deals with the poetry of V.R. Tsoy in the perspective of mythopoetics and intermediality. The interaction of two types of art - literature and music is being researched. There is a special inclusion of mythological elements in the structure of the album, which are endowed with cyclo-forming functions. The poet creates a special artistic world, using the myth of the dying and resurrecting divine principle, connecting the heliocentric and Christian systems of worldview. At the same time, the author also uses contemporary realities, showing the specifics of his modern mentality, touches on central philosophical problems and questions of the meaning of life in general.

Purpose This paper examines the effect of causal factors, such as work-life harmony, work- family conflict, co-worker and supervisor support, as well as spouse support, on workload and job stress and employee psychological ill-being (depression/anxiety). Design/methodology/approach A large convenience sample of 807 families from Qatar was surveyed. Using SPSS, the researchers used factor analysis to establish construct validity, based on two suitability tests: the Kaisers-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) measure of sampling adequacy and the Bartless test of sphericity. The dimensions were found to be reliable and valid. Findings Findings from regression analysis show that five independent variables, as well as gender, are significant in predicting staff members’ perceived employee psychological ill-being in Qatar. In addition, results of the recursive model reveal that work-life harmony, supervisor’s and spouse’s support lead to less perceived employee psychological ill-being. However, workload, job stress and work-family conflict lead to more perceived employee psychological ill-being in Qatar. Practical implications Findings of this investigation provide strategic insights and practical thinking that have important implications for understanding and overcoming employee psychological ill-being. What’s more, this paper contributes to the limited knowledge about the effects of stressful working conditions in combination with low levels of spouse support and co-worker and supervisor support on work-life conflict and higher levels of depression and anxiety. Originality This article empirically correlates three fields of management research: Managerial Psychology, Employee Well-Being and Work-Life Balance.

Modern tourism is an industry which role in ensuring the economic development of individual states and the world economy as a whole cannot be overestimated. The success of tourism and travel enterprises often depends on their corporate reputation. This article is devoted to the study of the elements and their connection with the peculiarities of different segments behavior. To assess the consumer’s response to the corporative reputation the ranking methods were used in course of decrease of exponent importance; Likert five-grade scale. There were taken the constituent parts of corporate nature and the main elements of company reputation as the variables, which influence the consumer’s decision on buying the service. Paper examines three issues: the possibility of a connection between the company’s nature and corporative reputation elements; the factors affecting the purchase decision of tourism service; and the corporative reputation’s place in the formation of consumer’s behavior of the tourism company client. During the research there was found the connection between the company’s nature and the corporate reputation elements, there were also found factors that effect the decision about buying the tourism product; the personal experience and the opinion of reference group turned out to be the most important. The essential influence of the corporate reputation on the client’s behavior was found. Nevertheless, the obtained results differ for different groups, which were formed according to gender, age, income rate, belonging to a profession and the typical consumer behavior. The obtained results may be used by the companies of tourism and travel industry for identifying the target audience and for the development of the PR-campaigns.

The relationships between neuroticism personality and workload and organizational commitment are explored in this study, with job burnout as the potential mediator. The study sample comprised 183 Jordanian auditors and the obtained data prove full mediation of job burnout on the association between workload and organizational commitment, and partial mediation of job burnout on the association between neuroticism personality and organizational commitment. Job burnout and organizational commitment are directly and negatively related. An integrated model grounded by three factors contributing to organizational commitment of auditors is presented in this study.

Western political debate, like other areas, has entered the digital world. Political actors have had to adapt to new communication strategies linked to technology in general and to social networks in particular. A new debate has opened that has provoked changes in the traditional system of political communication with its different audiences. Thus, the configuration of negotiation and dominance in democratic systems is linked to technological change. This research aims to provide a descriptive interpretation of the role of social networks, specifically Facebook, by the Popular Party to win the elections of June 26, 2016 in Spain. How the strategies of microtargeting, data mining and geolocation were hollowed out in order to capture the indecisive vote and thus obtain the seats necessary to expand the electoral advantage. To this end, a comparison will be made with Barack Obama’s campaigns in 2008 and especially 2012, which were also carried out by The Messina Group (TMG) and whose results were a great success. The results show that Facebook is one of the social networks more successfully used in the campaigns.

The article discusses the trends of female emigration from Russia after the collapse of the USSR. A comparative study with data from foreign statistics, opinion polls of experts show that the phenomenon of “Russian wives” has become a very common phenomenon on a global scale. The article analyzes the factors and causes of marital emigration of women from Russia. Factors contributing to the marital emigration of Russian women abroad were also highlighted. At the heart of emigration are “pushing” socio-economic and demographic factors of Russia. As attracting - to a greater extent subjective-psychological. On the basis of a comparative analysis of Russian and foreign statistics, an attempt was made to assess the scope and geography of the phenomenon of marital emigration from Russia. The key areas of emigration of Russian women after the collapse of the USSR, which include the USA, European countries, and Asian countries (Japan, Korea, China, Middle East countries) have become popular in recent years. The structure and institutions in Russia that contribute to the marriage emigration of women and their entry into the international marriage market have been determined. Also identified risks associated with the relocation of women abroad in order to enter into marriage, including involvement in traffic, sexual and labor exploitation, becoming addicted.

This study aims to shed light on the role of strategic planning by utilizing the resource-based view (RBV) model to achieve an organization’s success. Through reviewing related literature it becomes necessary for organizations to prepare their financial or non-financial resources as success instigators. This applies mainly to tangible assets that can produce high-quality products and human resources and can attract potential customers to achieve competitive advantage. Hence, the ultimate finding articulates that using strategic planning through a resource-based view is the key to success. For future study there is a need to include more resources in a resource-based view like a relationship with key stakeholders that is also considered an essential asset.

The SMEs engaged in marine fish processing industry in Muara Angke, Jakarta have the potential to be better developed, considering that most of the entrepreneurs are young, experienced and well educated although most enterprises are not yet in the form of legal entities. This study aims to determine the level of performa nce achievement based on marketing metrics and business development strategy model as well as recommendations for SMEs in marine fish processing in Muara Angke, Jakarta. The study used 40 SMEs entrepreneurs involved in marine fish processing as random respondents. Data were analyzed based on SWOT and EFE-IFE analysis. The results of the study indicate that the marketing metrics-based performance achievement level of the enterprises is moderate. The model of enterprise development strategy of this business is W - O strategy, that is, the SMEs entrepreneurs first minimize the weaknesses in order to take advantage of opportunities. So the recommendation of strategy is to carry out a directed and more vigorous campaign by organizing, following, or sponsoring various events, promotion through printed media, and social networking media, and adding sales network.

Rapid industrialisation through sector-led industrial policies, prohibitive tariffs and aggressive subsidies has become commonplace in many African countries. In Africa’s largest economy, Nigeria, one of the flagship industries cited as a success story of successful industrialisation is the cement industry. However, the Nigerian cement industry manifests certain industry peculiarities such as oligopoly and bulky mass, that is not easily replicable across sectors. The aim of this paper is to isolate the key market characteristics and industry incentives granted to the cement sector so as to identify the most important determinants of the recorded phenomenal growth. Based on previous studies, four industry variables: concentration ratio, capital intensity, installed capacity and demand-supply gap were identified. In addition, four other macroeconomic variables that impacted production costs: financing costs, tax rate, real exchange rate and effective rate of protection; were also tested in the model. Data was obtained for the cement industry from 1980 to 2015 for the cointegration model. The results indicate that tariff protection was the most significant determinant of the growth in cement production. Subsidies, in form of tax holidays and cheaper financing, were only minimally important. The findings of this study underscore the huge cost of supporting the growth of industrialisation in African countries through various instruments.

Purpose-This paper investigates the firm-level benefits, especially for Lebanese small and medium enterprises (SMEs), of offering employees actions that are consistent with their sound values in addition to intellectual simulation within an innovative environment. It also evaluates variations in perceived effects of implementing service and transformational leadership on organizational learning, and examines the effect of causal factors such as perceived organizational innovativeness and CSR. Design/methodology/approach -A large convenient sample of 284 front-line managers was surveyed, using a 15-item instrument based on previous research. The researchers used factor analysis to ascertain construct validity, based on two suitability tests: the Kaisers-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) measure of sampling adequacy and the Bartless test of sphericity. The dimensions were found to be reliable, with Cronbach’s alpha ranging between 0.70 and 0.95. Findings- Findings from path analysis support the research hypotheses that impact of the direct and positive effect of leadership on organizational learning is strengthened via the mediating variables: CSR and innovativeness.Originality-This article empirically correlates two main fields of management research within the context of a developing country: leadership and organizational learning with focus on changing behavior.

Preservation of the environment, the sphere of the vital activity of the population, cultural heritage, promotion of the healthy lifestyle movement, the implementation of the “green” and resource saving technologies create more active demand for organic goods in the international trade. The ecological, social, economic and institutional merits of organic goods compared with traditional and genetically modified goods as well as the high pace of the growth of the international trade in organic agricultural goods enhance their role in the achievement of the goals of sustainable development. The article considers the international trade in organic goods as sustainable international trade. Based on the authors’ methods of the calculation of the integrated index of development of organic market of 15 developing countries, the positions, factors, prospects and conditions of the development of national markets of organic agricultural goods were identified. It was found that the market of organic goods of the Czech Republic is the most developed and balanced due to the high payment capacity of the population, the policy of the producer’s support, existence of the relevant certification of the produce during delivery to the EU market. The markets of the countries of Europe and Middle East (Poland, Romania, Turkey, and Ukraine) are growing mainly under the influence of supply factors; the markets of Asia and America (China, Brazil and Peru) – under the influence of demand factors, including the demand in the global market. The internal markets of China and India are developed insufficiently. The prospects of the development of markets of organic goods of Mexico, Brazil, India, China, Russia and Chili are related to the stimulation of the internal production of organic goods. In Ukraine, Peru, India, Chili, Mexico and Turkey, it is appropriate to popularize consumption of organic goods. Romania, Czech Republic, Brazil, Turkey, Ukraine and Russia have to facilitate the promotion of their own organic goods to the world market. It was found that a relatively high payment capable demand in the internal market is a necessary condition, and the growth of the share of organic goods in the export structure of the countries is an obligatory condition to enhance the positions of the countries in the global market of organic goods. The condition of an increase in the role of the countries developing in the world market of organic goods and the transition of the world economy to the principles of sustainable development were substantiated.

Trade policy incentives are drivers of within-sector productivity growth and rapid industrial transformation in many developing countries. In many African countries, the use of tariffs, trade prohibitions and a package of fiscal policy incentives are therefore components of industrialisation and backward integration programmes to accelerate the performance of priority sectors. However, the effectiveness of these policy instruments within specific industries, and the transmission mechanism of policy incentives to productivity has not been adequately explored in the literature. By focusing on oligopolistic market structure of the cement industry in Nigeria, this paper analysed the relative impact of trade policy incentives and market structure on the within-sector productivity. Using the autoregressive distributed lag model with structural breaks, the study finds that producer concentration ratio is the most significant driver of productivity. While the trade policy incentive indexed by effective rate of protection (ERP), and financing subsidies also impact productivity improvements, the magnitudes are significantly lower. The overwhelming significance of market structure nuance earlier research studies and provide new insights into the nexus between trade incentives and productivity in an oligopolistic industry.

Poor households are faced with several challenges which affect their income generating activities. In the Ramotshere Moiloa Local Municipality, where this study was carried out, unemployment and food insecurity are prevalent. The respondents were selected using a multistep sampling method. The first stage involved selection of villages, where HFG are commonly found were randomly selected. In the second stage, a snowball sampling process was employed to identify and select people involved in homestead food gardening, lastly was to find a sample of 110 HFG. The study found that HFG were experiencing different shocks. The regression coefficients indicated that entrepreneurial income was significantly and positively affected by socio-economic characteristics and shocks while it was significantly and negatively affected by shocks and challenges. The marginal parameters of perceived vulnerability to poverty were significantly and positively affected by entrepreneurial activities. Socio-economic characteristics significantly and negatively affected marginal effects of perceived vulnerability to poverty. It can be concluded that farmers still need more training and awareness on how to run agricultural businesses as well as non-farm businesses for increased entrepreneurial income, improved welfare and limited likelihood of poverty and vulnerability. It was recommended that government to intervene in matters that arose from this study by providing more awareness, opportunities and training for people in the study area in order to reduce and prevent future poverty.

Rapid industrialisation through sector-led industrial policies, prohibitive tariffs and aggressive subsidies has become commonplace in many African countries. In Africa’s largest economy, Nigeria, one of the flagship industries cited as a success story of successful industrialisation is the cement industry. However, the Nigerian cement industry manifests certain industry peculiarities such as oligopoly and bulky mass, that is not easily replicable across sectors. The aim of this paper is to isolate the key market characteristics and industry incentives granted to the cement sector so as to identify the most important determinants of the recorded phenomenal growth. Based on previous studies, four industry variables: concentration ratio, capital intensity, installed capacity and demand-supply gap were identified. In addition, four other macroeconomic variables that impacted production costs: financing costs, tax rate, real exchange rate and effective rate of protection; were also tested in the model. Data was obtained for the cement industry from 1980 to 2015 for the cointegration model. The results indicate that tariff protection was the most significant determinant of the growth in cement production. Subsidies, in form of tax holidays and cheaper financing, were only minimally important. The findings of this study underscore the huge cost of supporting the growth of industrialisation in African countries through various instruments.

This paper presents the investigation of the effect of website quality on tourist satisfaction. It focuses on an issue of the hotel industry in Phuket Province, Thailand: Does the website quality of hotels affect the relationship between the perceived value and tourist satisfaction? The results indicate that only the service quality aspect of website quality was affect positively associated with tourist satisfaction, whereas the service quality and information quality of hotel websites were not affect associated with the perceived information value. The perceived information value was affect strongly positively associated with tourist satisfaction.

Fishermen in Indonesia have limited access to financial assistant from banks because they do not meet criteria set by the bank. One institution that could be able to provide access and solve this problem is sharia micro-finance institution (SMFI). This study aims for identifying fishermen needs on SMFI financing products and proposing the most suitable financing design which can be applied through SMFI. The study uses qualitative approach by adopting phenomenology technique and holding a focus group discussion (FGD) to acquire the intended design. The study results showed that in general, fishermen of Palabuhan Ratu need financing product from SMFI like consumptive financing for living or family needs and productive financing that can be used to support the sustainability of their business such as purchasing equipment, boats, fishing tools and so on. The proposed design which formulated by this study incorporates double-approaches financing design; firstly, optimizing SMFI’s role as Baitul mall (house of fund) through two Islamic contracts model i.e. Qard or Qardhul Hasan and Temporary Waqf; secondly, both optimizing SMFI as Baitut Tamwil (house of financing) through three financing products that is Parallel Istishna (PI), Syirkah Mudharaba Mutlaqa (SMM) and Ijarah Muntahia Bit Tamlik (IMBT).

A Hollywood movie entitled ’The Internship’, which was released in the year 2013 is known for its accurate portrayal of a world leading information technology company, located in Silicon Valley, California, USAThis paper intends to find out how far the audience received the company-endorsed messages. The research was conducted in three steps, the first one involved a movie showing, after which the students needed to finish submit a resume assignment about what message they received from the movie. The second step was to spread the questionnaire to 100 students, containing indicators from product placement theory. The last step was analyzing the data using factor analysis to find out what determinants are the most influential in keeping the viewers’ interest and to find out whether the movie was enough to show the true conditions of the company.

This study aims to identify the level of teachers’ support and the involvement of students in learning activities to improve academic achievement of high school students. Teachers’ support refers to teaching activities in the classroom. Student involvement is seen from the aspect of student learning in the classroom. The conceptual framework of the study combines two theories and a model which are the theory or model of the human ecological system (Bronfenbrenner, 1979), social capital theory (Robert and Putnam, 2000) and aspiration model of the Malaysian Education System in the Malaysia Education Blueprint 2013–2025 (2013). This study is a survey using questionnaire for information. The sample was chosen randomly, involving a total of 200 form four students in Negeri Sembilan. The whole construct is at a high level of reliability of 0.926. This study uses descriptive analysis of mean and standard deviation using Statistical Packages for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 24. The results show that teachers’ support and student involvement in classroom learning activities are at moderate level. The implication of the study found that teachers and the school need to increase their efforts, programs and activities in improving student academic achievement.

The research study aims to investigate the existing barriers and success factor related to entrepreneurial SMEs in Jordan. This study adopts a quantitative methodology to examine the research problem and pursues a descriptive design, which involves a survey. The sample size of the study is 54 SMEs entrepreneurs or their representatives, based in Jordan. The results from the same indicated that product quality, cash sufficiency and effective business location plays an important role in the success of entrepreneurial SMEs in Jordan. Some of the major barriers identified by the respondents are lack of technological advancement, high cost of financing and lack of effective training for employees of the business. Lastly, the conclusion has been presented with three crucially important recommendations for such SMEs.

This research paper addresses several issues related to intellectual capital including a historical overview, the interest in elusive and intangible assets, and the impact of latest technological progress associated with the information technology developments. Ralph Stayer, CEO of Johnsonville Foods Company was the first to use the term “intellectual property” to refer to the organization’s intangible assets. This paper also identifies the concept of intellectual property being a set of all knowledge capacities of the organizations that help them achieve their goals. The intellectual property includes ideas, inventions, technology, general knowledge, computer soft wares and programs, designs, data skills, processes, creativity and applications in all organizations. The intellectual capital is knowledge that can be converted into profits. The components of this concept were identified as follows: Structural capital, human capital, social capital and the psychological capital. The paper also discusses various definitions provided by several researchers relating to intellectual capital, amongst them: Edvinsson & Malone, K. E. Svieby, Y. Malhorta, T. Stewart, Despres & Channvel, and Mckenzie & Winkelen. Moreover, the researcher tackled different measures used in intellectual property assessment and classified them in the following clusters: (1) descriptive measures/scales that describe some traits and characteristics and are based on exploring views related to identify the impact of the intellectual capital on organizations’ business (2) scales and models correlated to the intellectual capital and the intellectual property, which measure the intellectual capital components (3) market value scales and models which focus on the book value of knowledge assets and their market value (4) scales and models of knowledge revenues which are based on calculating returns on assets (ROA). The paper concluded stating that specific issues relating to companies and the nature of the market made it impossible to come up with certain results that can be generalized when making comparison among modern administrative trends or attitudes which defined the intellectual capital as intangible assets. Thus, the researcher urged researchers and parties interested in building up and upgrading companies’ capacities to exert intensive efforts to boost investment in human capital for its key and influential role in accomplishing excellence and enhance the position of these companies.

The scheduling of flexible job shop systems is one of the most important issues in the various fields of production and is currently being addressed by many researchers in the field of optimization issues. The present research includes flexible job shop scheduling problem (FJSSP) with multi-objective, minimizing maximum completion time (makespan), maximum machine workload, total machines workload and also, earliness/tardiness penalty with different constraints. In this research, the researcher is looking to design a mathematical model that can cover all the constraints and assumptions related to the problem. Therefore, the mathematical model was designed with multi-objective and different constraints with exact details and different assumptions that are consistent with the actual situation of the problem and implemented at Comex Company. What that distinguishes this research from other similar researches is the approach of multi-objective with different constraints, which, at the same time, it raises the complexity of the problem but the problem gets closer to the actual situation, with less research done. Finally, the results of the study showed that this mathematical model designed, as well as in the real environment which has the flexible job shop system, can be implemented within a reasonable time with the highest efficiency before the implementation of the model.

Gender is considered as one of the important factors influencing the development of society, relating to many fields such as economy, politics, culture, education, etc. For the past years, Vietnam has actively promoted the gender equality, including the adjustment of the gender gap between the number of the children born throughout the years. However, the forecast results of the number of the children and students attending to school in Vietnam showed that there was quite large gender gap between boys and girls. This leads to the imbalance of gender; as a result, the assurance of the conditions for the education development becomes a challenge. Based on the analysis of the forecast results, the paper mentioned the responsibility of the education managers on the issue of the gender gap in the development of education and sustainable development.

Breach of fundamental human rights and rule of law are challenges that have tainted Nigeria’s image and impaired sustainable development of her justice system. These breaches are: torture, distorting bail procedures among others. These illegal practices if unchecked may culminate in the denial of justice. The lawyer’s role therefore, is vital in fostering a culture of enduring dispensation of justice, especially in the light of the many challenges bedeviling Nigeria’s criminal justice system. The paper re-appraises the statutory and ethical roles of lawyers pursuant to the Nigeria’s Administration of Criminal Justice Act, 2015 in facilitating stringent compliance with the Act to safeguard the rule of law. The study is a doctrinal legal research with a library based approach. It adopts primary sources such as statutes, judicial authorities and secondary sources such as textbooks, journals/articles and internet sources. The research recommends among others, reform and strengthening of the judiciary to promote its independence in the administration of criminal justice system. Lawyers must ensure that the Administration of Criminal Justice Act, 2015 fosters dexterous management of cases by all adjudicatory bodies for speedy dispensation of justice, promotion of rule of law, and to end abuse of court processes. The study finds that Nigerian criminal law appears flawed in this regards. This research revealed series of human rights violations in Nigeria and equally highlighted the roles of lawyers in combating these abuses and suggest the use of modern forensic technologies in all courts in Nigeria which is currently lacking and made some recommendations.

In times of crisis or disaster such as the recent floods of December 2014 in the northern and eastern Malaysian states of Kelantan, Terengganu, Pahang, Perak and Kedah, non-governmental organizations played a significant role in assisting the authorities and government agencies in collecting and providing aid to victims. Under normal circumstances non-governmental organizations vary in what they do and would normally focus on specific issues such as environmental issues, health issues or social issues. However in times of crisis or disaster, these organizations expand their role by assisting authorities with relief efforts ranging from financial assistance to manpower to basic necessities such as food, water, clothing and even logistical assets such as lorries, helicopters and other types of vehicles. The available literature has suggested that individuals, groups and organizations such as non-governmental organizations innovate as seen by countless relief effort activities conducted by non-governmental organizations in times of crisis or disaster in the past. The objective of this study is to examine the relationship between communication, coordination, and logistical factors toward the role of NGOs when faced with a crisis in Malaysia. The outcome of the study revealed that coordination and logistics are the main and significant factors contributing to the role of NGOs in times of crisis or disaster. With regard to communication, the findings revealed that this is a significant aspect however it does not contribute towards the role of NGOs in times of crisis. Finally, this study also found that preparation and training contributes to the successful role of NGOs in dealing with crisis or disaster situations, suggesting that more needs to be done in terms of planning, budgeting and training to prepare volunteers. The implications of this study on the surveyed respondents from various non-governmental organizations in terms of experience, requirements, support and issues are discussed.

Human resource was the fundamental capitals and the source of transformation and innovation in organizations. One of the most crucial ways for attracting and retaining human resource was to create a productive process and supply chain. The human resource supply chain was an integrated approach to planning, locating and controlling human resource in different businesses, from human resource’s suppliers to replacing them in relevant jobs. According to the lack of supply chain of human resource in organizations, the importance of this issue was clear to everybody. After considering the sources extracted from databases, 136 sources were obtained as samples. In this research, the design of the supply chain human resource model was done by the qualitative research method of thematic analysis, and by studying the theoretical foundations and thematic literature. The process of thematic analysis was done manually and using MAXQDA software. The results of this research show that the human resource supply chains could be summed up in six main themes of organizational needs assessment, human resource planning, recruitment and selection, human resource improvement, performance evaluation, and human resource management. By integrating these themes with the components of the supply chain, the supply chain of human resources derived from theoretical literature can be achieve. Based on the theoretical foundations of the supply chain and human resources management, the following model was present. For the amount of credibility of the human resources supply chain pattern, a model derived from theoretical literature among seven experts in the field of human resources was presented and using the Delphi technique to present the final pattern of the chain Provision of human resources.

Purpose to assess the influence of the factors on the operational efficiency of non-financial companies listed on Vietnam’s stock exchange. The study in factors influencing on the internal control system in non-financial companies listed on Vietnam’s stock exchange has drawn a brief description of related issues and assessed the influence of the factors on the operational efficiency of non-financial companies listed on Vietnam’s stock exchange. Findings: the Information and Communication has the most influence on the operational efficiency, then Risk Assessment, Control Environment and Monitoring. The Control Activities has the least influence on the operational efficiency.

The purpose of this study is to examine the factors that influence the customer decision on demand of housing loan. This research is conducted by distributing questionnaires to respondents from 3 urban areas which are Kuala Lumpur, Penang and Johor. Data was used to analyse reliability test, descriptive analysis, Pearson Correlation and so on. At the end, housing price, interest rate, taxation benefits and income level can be concluded to have a positive relationship with housing loan demand at the point where the increase in housing price or income level will increase the housing loan demand. Interest rate and taxation benefits are not consistent with the previous research conducted by other researchers. This may due to Malaysian currency weaken and economy slow down, therefore, people intend to own a property instead of holding cash, since the property will appreciate in value while currency depreciate in value. Result from this research only represents the demand of housing loans in Malaysia, but not the result of the global market.

In this paper, it is highlighted the recent big historical innovations of politics from law the world people participating enthusiastically, manifested in television and recorded as diaries. It was the author Cai who started and led the democratic law execution in China in 2000, which was new in history and helped establish the theory of armed police. Besides overcoming the difficulties after the June 4th Incident and acquiring some provincial supports in China, it further promoted the democracy in Mideast in many countries, differentiating the democratic law execution and democratic revolution by the legality of route map to election. During this period, it was proposed by the Mideast people the revival of race by law. To control the democratic crimes, it was suggested by the world people to innovatively use the party disciplines in congresses at various levels, including the communist parties worldwide, the Democratic Progressive Party in Taiwan, the Democratic National Construction Association of China, the Christian Democratic Union in Germany, and so on. It was the international movement of “Marx-MingXun calling for competitive election” that overcame the autocratic influence from China, increased the democratic proportion of world communists, and revived the communist parties synchronously in the whole world to practice law to control the democratic crimes. It was Taiwan president YingWen Cai of Democratic Progressive Party and Germany Chancellor Merkel of Christian Democratic Union who elevated the law against democratic crimes to the national level. It is expected that these political innovations would improve the democracy and law

Technology-mediated sociocultural practice requires the dynamic interplay of learner-users’ roles, learning contexts and technology tools. The behavioral intentions of users interact with the perceived features of these tools in enabling up-to-date personal experiences of leisure learning and social networking available online. The aim of this article is to explore the current perceptions among Malaysian university students about their daily learning strategies of English as a Second Language (ESL) via social networking. It initially makes use of the online surveys (quantitative self-reported questionnaire) that have been administered to final year Malaysian university students, ESL learners’ population of approximately 500 students. The result shows that there is obvious potential within these new media resources to empower Malaysian ESL learners with authentic learning potentials such as to communicate, practice and rehearse through the multiple identities and learning strategies they adopt in the virtual environment.

Social media nowadays have become part of our everyday life. People around the world spend most of their time on social media, (Face book, Instagram, Twitter, etc.), so this network becomes a way that affect people’s decisions especially their purchasing decision in the pre-purchasing stage. Thus, businesses are using the social media for marketing to let the customers in any place in the world knows about their brand and products without even visiting their shop. This media has enabled people from anywhere to access grocery stores and restrooms without any time constraint through electronic devices, such as computers, mobile phones, etc (Bernhardt et al., 2012; Enrico Di et al., 2018). Social media has been recognized as an informative venue in that it assists the relationship among customers by sharing their experiences, which can provide valuable information for others (Alalwan, 2018; Hajli and Bus Ethics, 2018; Sheth and Kim, 2018; Sujin and Myongjee, 2016). More than two-thirds of companies are using social media for marketing and service (Ma et al., 2015; Muhammad et al., 2018; Si Shi et al., 2019). As consumers increase their online activity today, the industries and businesses become to use it as a way of sharing information and opinion about their product. This way let marketing become easier, since it provides instant information for the consumer at any time from the entire world. Social media has emerged as a dominant digital communications channel and has significantly influenced the marketing communications environment. Not only does it allow interaction between customers and companies (FangPei Su et al., 2018; Gretzel and Fesenmaier, 2012; Gretzel and Dinhopl, 2013; Kristina et al., 2018; Muresan and Sinuraya, 2018; Rebecca et al., 2019) but also among customers (Xiang and Gretzel, 2010). It make the communication with other customers that used the product become easier, in this way they can know more about any product they want (Jiabao et al., 2019; Kumar and Pradhan, 2018) The aim of this research is to know whether social media can affect customer purchasing decision during the pre-purchase stage This research aims to answer the following research question: RQ1: Do social media influence customer purchasing decision. RQ2: Do people prefer advertising using social media. To explore these questions, a study will be done to see the influence of social media advertising on customers. The objective of this research is to help the marketing professional.

The food service industry has grown rapidly in response to the changing consumer lifestyles. In this regard, the food service industry is highly competitive as the number of new entrants offering inventive food products and services keep on increasing to keep up with the demand for novel food products. Consequently, café operators are focusing on improving their store environment to gain advantage in the competitive industry. Studies have found that store facility can stimulate consumers’ emotions, and in turn, significantly increases positive association with the café environment. Owners are also keen to upgrade their café to become a social space or a co-working space to fulfil consumers’ needs. This study aims to investigate the impact of various café environment factors on consumer behaviour. The sample for this survey consists of patrons of cafes in Selangor who were selected using purposive sampling technique. Data from 320 questionnaires were analysed by using the Partial Least Square technique was used to analyse. It was found that café results indicated that café design and café cleanliness significantly influences consumer behaviour. The findings indicate that café facilities have a significant positive impact on pleasure, which has a direct, positive influence on consumer behaviour. The mediation result confirms that pleasure mediates the relationship between café facilities and consumer behaviour.

A fundamental point that occupies us in the present analysis is that contents are framed within the dimensions of the right to intimacy, and to privacy since in this respect there is no clear definition in the Political Constitution of the United Mexican States and the Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation does not clarify both terms either. The improvements in the quality of life that have been reported and the new ways of promoting the dignity of people have found in communication technologies new ways of attacking personal rights by those who use these new media for illicit purposes. They are more difficult attacks to investigate, prosecute and punish given the current technological characteristics and that have generated new phenomena that disrupt the intimacy and privacy of people. Therefore, one of the central themes of this discussion is in the proper definition and limits of intimacy and privacy. Both are fundamental and indispensable rights in the development of the people embodied in the Political Constitution of the United Mexican States. Consequently, it is necessary that these two rights are clearly recognized and defined in the Mexican Constitution and a secondary legislation is created that regulates its limits in a timely manner, considering that intimacy is the reserved or more particular part of the thoughts, affections or issues the interior of a person, which appears in a restrictive sphere that belongs to the most personal nucleus of the individual, while privacy is the right that people have to maintain and confidentially reserve files; records, personal or public databases, but also, privacy would depend on the cultural, political and social context in which one lives, that is, there are countries that are characterized by authoritarian governments with strong restrictions in many personal areas, such as free access to the Internet, freedom of the press, freedom of assembly, free formation of social organizations and freedom of worship.

Negotiating meaning and form has an important role in the development of a language. At the same time, written and audio output may also vary, which can lead to the generation of a variety of discourse functions and materialize in teaching methodologies and academic content used in the language teaching process. Since technology is increasingly becoming an indispensable and integral educational tool across the world, Saudi Arabia being no exception, language teachers are encouraged to integrate new technologies into their teaching methodology and practice to ensure they meet learners’ needs. WhatsApp Messenger, as a messaging and Voice over IP (VoIP) service that allows users to, among others, send text and voice messages and make voice and video calls, is investigated as a real-time language learning in this research. The current paper was conceived out of the researcher’s consistent observation of the positive impact of synchronous audio and written mobile-mediated communication tools, in particular WhatsApp, and the nature of negotiating meaning and form on the development of English as a foreign language for ESL and EFL learners. There has been previous similar research on WhatsApp as an educational tool but, in these studies, the language outcomes have largely been neglected. By analyzing audio and text negotiations and interactions conducted over WhatsApp, and comparing them with equivalent asynchronous computer-based exchanges, this study aims to investigate different types of discourse functions that are used in the negotiation of meaning via synchronous mobile-mediated communication. On a micro level, we compare Synchronous Audio Mobile-Mediated Communication (SAMMC) and Synchronous Written Mobile-Mediated Communication (SWMMC) modes of interaction, when applying discourse functions, to determine which mode offers a greater range of innovative language output. The language output of forty undergraduate EFL learners was studied over a five-week period and it was concluded that SAMMC outperformed SWMMC in terms of the scope of meaning and form.

Globalisation of public service delivery practices must overcome cultural and ethical barriers in their diversity. The pervasive Christian gospel and Islamic religion are believed to be concerned more in spirituality and less concerned with governance and political systems. The objective of this study is to expound the dilemma facing an ethical public service delivery system and to suggest possible solutions. The research methodology is a qualitative approach employed through content analysis. Findings indicate that for African states, alternative public service delivery is a question of choice by those wielding power, authority and political will. The study provides ethical initiatives to accommodate such diversity in building public sector ethics and culture. Simply relaying public service delivery strategies deemed successful in other states may not necessarily translate into success due to some ethical and cultural variations. What obtains is that, states that claim to be faith based or to carry religious ethical practices sometimes lead way ahead of others in unethical administrative practices. The contribution of the study is an additional item to the list of factors militating against effective service delivery and lack of public sector cultural ethics. This phenomenon should be tackled head-on so that service delivery is not compromised.

This study aims to determine the effect of the ethical leadership toward organizational culture at Himpunan Mahasiswa (Student College Association) of Business Administration on Faculty of Communication and Business Telkom University or called HIMA ADBIS. HIMA ADBIS is one of the student organizations at Telkom University. This research uses a quantitative method. The types of data required for this research are primary and secondary data. This research uses a saturation sampling method with 52 respondents consisting of all organizers of HIMA ADBIS, and simple linear regression analysis for data analyzing. The results showed that ethical leadership is in the position of 84,08% with a number of very high category and organizational culture in the position of 86,27% with a number of very high category. The result of partially showed that ethical leadership influences organizational culture amounted to 22,5% and from other variables amounted to 77,5% are not researched in this research.

The present study aimed to investigate the challenges, which girls had to face to overcome the cultural obstructions in getting higher education. The study focused on a multitude of cultural barriers and challenges, financial problems, and academic issues that female had to face. Qualitative, as well as a quantitative research approach, was used to know about the experience of respondents which they experienced while getting admission in the university. Questioners were the essential tools to collect the data described by a percentage basis. The study was conducted in Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan (Punjab, Pakistan) because different rural areas surrounded it. The population of the present study consisted of the female students studying in BS (Hons) program and M.sc students of the university. The paper argues that financial constraints included the theme of the scarcity of resources allocated to girls. Due to poor economic conditions, parents preferred their son’s education as compared to the daughter’s school and suggested that due to limited resources, parents choose between daughter’s education and son’s education. “From these excerpts, it was also revealed that families did not invest in girl’s education due to their restricted productivity in generating income for the family. The results also show that various factors are responsible for the social exclusion of girls from the education sector of Pakistan. These factors include the conservative attitude of family and preference to boy’s education. The originality of this paper is that the conservative opinion of the family and community is the primary determinant of low enrollment rate of girls in higher education. In addition to this, the result of the research depicts that little parental education also results in a flat enrollment rate in Pakistan.

The purpose of this research was to determine the potential training effect of reactive agility in improving speed and agility. This study was conducted on 36 students and divided into 3 groups with 12 students per groups. Group 1 was given lateral mirror drill, Group 2 sprint mirror drill, and Group 3 conventional training for a period of 8 weeks, 3 times/week with a day off. Performance measures of agility and speed were assessed via the T-test for agility and 30m sprints for speed, respectively. Data was analyzed using paired sample t-test and multivariate analysis of variance. The result of this study found that there was a significant effect of sprint mirror drill to improve speed and agility; there was a significant effect of lateral mirror drill in improving speed and agility; there was a difference effect of lateral mirror drill and sprint mirror drills in improving speed and agility. Conclusion: these data provide preliminary support of incorporating reactive agility drills such as the sprint mirror and lateral mirror drills in improving performance measures of speed and agility.

Transportation and physical distribution are elements of logistics management which organizations realized that improvement in logistics would enable them to gain competitive advantage and achieved higher profitability around the world. Transportation of livestock (sheep, rams, cattle, goats) from the north to the south in Nigeria is very expensive and risky business among illiterate livestock dealers. Also, the livestock are kept standing, and some cases lying in the vehicles throughout the long journey of between 2-3 days with bad shape of most Nigerian roads which trucks and vehicles are prone to accidents. This study examined the effect of transportation and physical distribution management on profitability of livestock dealers in selected livestock markets in Ogun State, Nigeria. This study adopted survey research design. The population of the study comprised 1678 livestock dealers across four main divisions (Remo, Ijebu, Yewa, Egba) of Ogun State. The sample size estimated through raosoft sample size calculator was 407 selected through a multi-stage sampling technique.This sampling technique was used because livestock dealers are scattered across the four main divisions of Ogun State. A structured and adapted survey questionnaire was validated and used for collecting of data for the study. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficients for the constructs, ranged from 0.782 to 0.838. The response rate was 79.7%. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (Partial Least Square Structural equation modeling). Findings revealed significant influence of transportation management activities on the profitability of livestock dealers in selected markets in Ogun State ß=.495, t=11.814, p<0.05). Physical distribution management had effect on profitability of livestock dealers in selected livestock markets in Ogun State (ß=.839, t=41.453, p<0.05). The study concluded that logistics management has the opportunity to increase the profitability of livestock dealers and to be recognized for that contribution by implementing initiatives in the areas of transportation management activities and physical distribution management. It recommended a channel that enables faster distribution of livestock and at lower cost should be put in place. Also, it is necessary because physical distribution of livestock is essential for livestock dealers to realize their potential revenue and achieve customer satisfaction.

Due to the complexities of the social, economic, and political context of Colombia, several authors have argued that Colombians tend to be very creative at an individual level, but that they face strong difficulties when trying to act collectively in a creative way. This article deepens in the concept of creativity through a literature review and then contrasts the defined concept with the vision and imaginaries of creativity of tech-entrepreneurs in the country. The main theoretical point is to contrast the empirical verification of the academic literature of creativity with the imaginaries of Colombian entrepreneurs in order to establish a more efficient and effective creative process.

Micro small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) role for a region is very strategic. MSMEs can support large industries, but there are many obstacles in MSMEs operations, one of which is capital. This study aims to determine the financing access that can be obtained by MSMEs on Islamic Microfinance Institution. Analytical techniques in this research is qualitative descriptive technique. The results of this study shows that MSMEs can possibly have access to financing from Islamic microfinance institution if it meets some specified criteria, such as business age, turnover and distance MSMEs.

This article aims to explore the learnings and motivations of university students who participated in the realization of their social service and voluntarily, as instructors of technological literacy with a community group. The study involved 55 students from various disciplines, and was done through qualitative and quantitative tools. Through frequency measurement and analysis of participants responses, it was found that the main motivation to participate in the technology literacy program is related to desire to help people, along with a sense of personal satisfaction, in addition to the opportunities for coexistence that the program provides. Among the learnings, they highlighted with greater indexes, awareness of the needs of other people, teamwork, the role of the instructor and the management of diverse groups. It is concluded that it is important to continue these types of programs that promote the relationship of students with the community, considering the type of motivation that leads to this type of work. In addition to standardizing the work methodology, to expand its coverage.

This article is a part of dissertation on the topic of factors influencing development of jewelry in Isan region by Assoc. Prof. Dr. Niyom Wongpongkam and Dr. Preechawut Apirating. This research aimed to study the development of jewelry in Baan ChokKhwaoSinarin, Isan region, Thailand. The study was conducted using qualitative methods. The research instrument included survey, observation, interview, and group discussion. The studied samples included jewelry and the jewelry makers. The concept of cultural ecology was employed in the data analysis. The result showed that the development of Baan ChokKhwaoSinarin’s jewelry originated since prehistory period and inherited until today. The development was categorized into 6 areas which were 1) development in patterns; in the past, patterns were imitated from nature without cutting or trimming any parts, while at present, the patterns are partially cut and trimmed to make them more contemporaneous, 2) development in material; in the past, valuable materials such as gold, silver, semi-precious gemstone were used, while gemstones and synthetic sapphire are more commonly used now, 3) development in production; past production was done by melting, molding, trench welding, and polishing which required human labors, whereas the present production involves using machine and technology, 4) development in aesthetic design; the past designs were uniformly outlined, focused on relative geometric patterns, and left-right balanced design, while the present designs has been outlined to one side and trimmed out some parts, 5) development in utility; the jewelry in the past was used as a belief symbol, while at present it has been used as matching ornament for attires 6) development in belief symbolism; in the past, the jewelry was thought of related to amulets, while the present the belief has shifted to zodiac gemstones.

One of the dominant paradigms in marketing strategy is achieving competitive advantage based on customer value. But the key challenge is how organizations can achieve value-based competitive advantage. The central theoretical contribution of this paper is to provide a conceptual framework that demonstrates how marketing through a series of causal chain can contribute to the competitive advantage of organizations. Based on this conceptual framework, the role of marketing initially begins with the formation of an organizational culture around two axes of market orientation and relational marketing. Then, formation of such a culture in the organization leads to the enhancing marketing resources. Resources alone are not effective in the performance of the organization; these resources show their impact when used in business processes. So we demonstrate how marketing resources exploited in business processes. These processes are a collection of strategic marketing capabilities that are categorized in different domains. Finally, it is shown that excellence in marketing capabilities leads to competitive advantage based on customer value.

The study aimed to examine the impact of comprehensive income statement’s items on the owners equity of Jordanian commercial banks, and to achieve this objective researcher conducted an analytical study by adopting the descriptive and analytical approach, and used the statistical method to analyze the study data represented in the actual data, which were taken from the financial statements of the (13) Jordanian commercial banks for the period (2008-2017). The study found a statistically significant impact of comprehensive income statement’s items on the owners equity of Jordanian commercial banks, and in regard to the secondary hypotheses the study results showed nonexistence of statistically significant impact of net income on the owners equity of Jordanian commercial banks, but found a statistically significant impact for each of the other comprehensive income and comprehensive net income on the owners equity of Jordanian commercial banks. One of the main recommendations of the study will be to increase the attention to comprehensive income, due to its impact on the owners equity, and to conduct additional studies about the impact and the relationship of study variables at the public shareholding companies, in other sectors.

The objective of this study is to examine the failure of construction companies services by using Abbas and Rashid Model. This study comprised sample of 38 companies in construction companies services at Iraq. A Wilcoxon Test was used to compare between the Abbas and Rashid Model & Kida Model. Data were gathered from the construction companies services listed on the Iraq financial market for the period 2012-2015. This study results show that the Kida Model is the best model where it is most accurate in predicting the failure in the construction companies services in Iraq. The data for this study are collected from the construction companies that listed in the Iraqi financial market. Recommendations for future research are needed to conduct similar studies to compare the models for predicting company failure in other sectors such as the industrial sector.

The main model examined in this study is the Aaker model of brand equity. The model views perceived quality as the major aspect of brand equity model. This study focuses on facial beauty care brands in Klang Valley, Malaysia. The data were collected using questionnaires distributed to female consumers of facial care products who are aged 18 and above. The respondents must have experiences in using facial beauty care products. The sets of questionnaire were distributed using the intercept method. In all, 311 sets of questionnaire were deemed as valid in this study. In this regard, the result indicated that perceived quality has no significant link with the actual purchase of facial beauty care products in Malaysia.

The article addresses the system of tribal justice and the rule of power in the Occupied Palestinian Territories as two key obstacles to the enforcement of the rule of law and governance. The article presents the legal grounds for the involvement of tribesmen in resolving disputes among citizens outside the rule of law. It goes on to analyze the role and interest of the executive authority in encouraging the involvement of tribes while the authority continues to interfere in the affairs of the official judiciary in both functional and structural terms. It also explores a number of illegal legislative and regulatory interventions made by the president of the executive authority with the effect of undermining official institutions supporting good governance and transparency. The article finds that it is impossible to enforce the rule of law in the Occupied Palestinian Territories as a result of existing practices that are difficult to change without renewing constitutional legitimacy by referring to the people as the source of authority for criminalizing any act contrary to or impeding the rule of law, or impeding or encroaching on the jurisdiction of the official judiciary.

This article aims to explore the learnings and motivations of university students who participated in the realization of their social service and voluntarily, as instructors of technological literacy with a community group. The study involved 55 students from various disciplines, and was done through qualitative and quantitative tools. Through frequency measurement and analysis of participants responses, it was found that the main motivation to participate in the technology literacy program is related to desire to help people, along with a sense of personal satisfaction, in addition to the opportunities for coexistence that the program provides. Among the learnings, they highlighted with greater indexes, awareness of the needs of other people, teamwork, the role of the instructor and the management of diverse groups. It is concluded that it is important to continue these types of programs that promote the relationship of students with the community, considering the type of motivation that leads to this type of work. In addition to standardizing the work methodology, to expand its coverage.

Due to the complexities of the social, economic, and political context of Colombia, several authors have argued that Colombians tend to be very creative at an individual level, but that they face strong difficulties when trying to act collectively in a creative way. This article deepens in the concept of creativity through a literature review and then contrasts the defined concept with the vision and imaginaries of creativity of tech-entrepreneurs in the country. The main theoretical point is to contrast the empirical verification of the academic literature of creativity with the imaginaries of Colombian entrepreneurs in order to establish a more efficient and effective creative process.

All students have to face academic pressures, setbacks and challenges that are part of their everyday academic life. The capacity to deal with this, i.e. ‘academic buoyancy’, is needed to reduce the impact of academic adversity. Since academic buoyancy may be associated with personality, our study explored the role of personality trait, especially the ‘big five’, as predictors of the academic buoyancy in senior high school students in an Eastern culture. Methods: Using quota sampling, 356 respondents were sampled from the eight largest senior high schools in Bandung, Indonesia. Five personality factors were measured using the Big Five Inventory. Furthermore, academic buoyancy was assessed utilizing the Academic Buoyancy Scale. Multiple regression analysis was used to analyze the predictive value of each trait for academic buoyancy. Result: Academic buoyancy appears to be related to personality differences. We found three personality traits which predicted positively and signi?cantly academic buoyancy, namely Conscientiousness, Agreeableness and Extraversion. Conclusions: The study has provided a new understanding of the relevance of personality for academic student’s life. Implications and differences in relation between personality and academic buoyancy in senior high school’ student are discussed.

The conflicts in Western Sahara have not been resolved conclusively for 43 years now with some referring to them as ‘frozen’ conflicts in Africa’s last colony. A clear case of decolonisation turned out to be a genesis of displacement and protracted suffering of the Saharawi people from the former coloniser to another handler arguably backed by some invisible external hegemons. This study is a qualitative research using secondary data and thematic analysis to investigate Western Sahara’s unending conflicts and the way forward. Located in the conflict theory, findings indicate that the past failed interventions by the United Nations have been a result of the influence of superpowers wielding levers of power in the United Nations Security Council with vested interests in the country. Morocco the new coloniser is a neighbouring country reluctant to cede power while taping the mineral and water resources which Western Sahara is abundantly endowed with. As the Saharawi people are not obliged to give in, the conflict rages on unabated. The latest United Nations intervention could avert the conflict situation as it appears that those who had vested interests are now recoiling. The situation should not be tolerated any further and the Sahrawis deserve better, peace and tranquillity in their homeland. It is recommended that, in the letter and spirit of multilateralism, the African Union and regional economic communities across Africa should swiftly intervene even though it is now late than never.

The article addresses the system of tribal justice and the rule of power in the Occupied Palestinian Territories as two key obstacles to the enforcement of the rule of law and governance. The article presents the legal grounds for the involvement of tribesmen in resolving disputes among citizens outside the rule of law. It goes on to analyze the role and interest of the executive authority in encouraging the involvement of tribes while the authority continues to interfere in the affairs of the official judiciary in both functional and structural terms. It also explores a number of illegal legislative and regulatory interventions made by the president of the executive authority with the effect of undermining official institutions supporting good governance and transparency. The article finds that it is impossible to enforce the rule of law in the Occupied Palestinian Territories as a result of existing practices that are difficult to change without renewing constitutional legitimacy by referring to the people as the source of authority for criminalizing any act contrary to or impeding the rule of law, or impeding or encroaching on the jurisdiction of the official judiciary.

This study examines the effect of human capital (HC) on three median (quintile) income, namely the low median income category (Q1 = 0.25), middle median income (Q2 = 0.5) and high median income (Q3 = 0, 75). for Indonesian workers in the west and east regions. Total respondents for this study were 51,210 workers, consisting of employers, workers and casual workers. All respondent data were recorded in the National Labor Force Survey (SAKERNAS) in 2016. The HC variables in this study were years of schooling, certified training, length of work and age. This study also discusses the interaction effect between (1) vocational education background and length of study, (2) participation in certified training and length of study (3) experience and participation in certified training. This study applies the Mincer model with quantitative regression analysis to break the effect of HC at a certain level of income. The results showed that the length of study had a positive and significant effect on the income of workers in both regions, especially for western Indonesia who graduated or continued their education at vocational schools. Meanwhile, workers in the eastern region who participated in certified training had a more significant influence on their income. It was also found that lower length of work reduced the effect of training participation especially for eastern workers. It is interesting that these results can be fully observed for workers with lower incomes. Therefore, the specific implications of this research must be developed, especially programs for vocational education and legal protection of workers’ careers to maintain optimal labor market outcomes in Indonesia.

Insurance is a crucial component of any financial sector, the financial soundness of the insurance sector will result in a healthier financial system in any country. The insurance sector is responsible for transferring risk from one entity to another, for premium, to hedge against any risk of unexpected loss. For that, the insurance sector plays the role of safety net for the whole of the financial system in any country. This study aims to detect the existence of signs of financial failure for conventional insurance companies listed at Kuwait stock exchange (KSE). The study uses the Altman Model to calculate the financial failure indicators. The research also measures the relationship between the financial failure score and the share price of these companies. The analysis is based on the belief that financial reports provide information to investors which can be taken as indicators of the financial failure or success of companies. This information will affect investment decisions which, in turn, will be reflected on the share price. This study is based on the financial data of conventional insurance companies listed at Kuwait stock exchange for the period spanning from 2010 to 2017. A panel data collected from the financial statements of the four conventional insurance companies listed at the stock market were used to calculate the financial failure score for these companies. Ordinary least squared (OLS) regression method, is then used to evaluate the relation between Altman’s z-score and the share price of these companies. Results obtained from this study showed that conventional insurance companies operating in Kuwait had a healthy financial positions and therefore safe from bankruptcy risk. The study also revealed that there was no statistically significant relation between Altman’s score and the share price indicating that the financial failure score does not have an effect on share price of conventional insurance companies listed at Kuwait stock exchange.

This study investigates the short and long-term determinants of capital inflows in emerging market countries in ASEAN using the Panel Error Correction Model. This study uses panel data with a time series from 2000 to 2017 and a cross-section of five countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam). This study has three important findings. First, conditions of exchange rate, foreign reserve, and lending rate disrupt the equilibrium of capital inflow in the short term. Second, current account conditions disrupt the equilibrium in the long term. Third, capital inflow will return to equilibrium in the long term. Therefore, it is highly recommended for emerging market countries in ASEAN to stabilize the variables that disrupt the equilibrium in the long and short term to stabilize their capital inflow.

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between active aging, social network, and community-dwelling Thai elderly in Northeastern of Thailand. A total of 405 Thai elderly, we adopted a systematic random sampling was used for data collection, and conducted in 2018. This study shows that 63.5% were female, mean ± standard deviation (SD) age of study subjects was 68.9 ± 6.7 years. It has made up 66.4% that moderate levels of active aging. Health, participation, and security dimension most subjects had a moderate level at 72.9%, 61.2%, 67.7%. We found that a positive associated with personal factor, household factor, community factor, and social network factor. Our results also suggest that elderly service providers should pay more attention to group interaction, neighboring support, and facilitated in the community.

This comparative study was conducted to identify the effects of employee mindset on employee innovativeness among civil servants in two ministries and one government agency in Malaysia, enabling a deeper understanding on the contributing factors of employee innovativeness in civil service in Malaysia. The findings revealed that there were significant and positive relationships among and between all dimensions of employee mindset and employee innovativeness among professional grade employees but only three dimensions of employee mindset (cognitive complexity, boundary spanning and adaptability) were associated to employee innovativeness among the non-professional group. Two other dimensions of employee mindset (cosmopolitanism and entrepreneurial mindset) were not found to be related to employee innovativeness for this group. In addition, it was found that all dimensions of employee mindset influenced employee innovativeness among the professional group of employees while for the non-professional group, only three out of five dimensions of employee mindset had significant influence towards employee innovativeness. It is recommended that employees in the non-professional group should be guided and rewarded for any innovative ideas they presented. Also, for the management to reinvent work processes to serve the people better. In addition, all civil servants should be allowed to use their own creativity complete their work and not through the conventional, repetitive way of doing things.

Purpose of the study: The importance of sociological understanding of the risks of deprofessionalization of entrepreneurial activity in the context of a deep socio-economic crisis is determined by the peculiarities (crisis, illegal practices) of entrepreneurship in post-Soviet Russia which affected its modern development. Methodology: I. Schumpeter’s theoretical ideas create the methodological basis for the study of modern Russian entrepreneurship. Schumpeter defines an entrepreneur as the "main phenomenon" of economic development. The scientist associates entrepreneurship with innovation and introduction of new combinations of production factors. The neo-institutional approach is methodologically important for the study of Russian entrepreneurship. This approach states that any social institutional practices are determined by the specific institutional system, the system being a historical product of a particular era and society. The study of the risks of deprofessionalization of Russian entrepreneurship is carried out on the basis of theoretical ideas of Zh. T. Toshchenko, aimed at analysis of a new modern phenomenon - "effective managers", considered in the context of opportunistic behavior in the field of entrepreneurship. Results: The study concludes that the attitude to entrepreneurship in Russia has positively changed in the last decade. Despite this fact, Russia faces the risks of deprofessionalization. The risks are associated with both institutional formation factor and the modern conditions of professional training of entrepreneurs: the crisis of educational system and transformation of professional and labour values. Applications of this study: The results of this study facilitate navigation in the meanders of institutional transformations which take place in professional and labour spheres of the modern Russia, making it possible to predict the situation in social reproduction of the Russian community from the prospects of innovative development. That is possible because entrepreneurship acts as a generator and implementation entity of social innovations. Novelty/Originality of this study: The risks of Russian entrepreneurship deprofessionalization in the current social reality are determined by a set of institutional factors which create a crisis space for professionalization of entrepreneurs and future entrepreneurs at all the stages, from the process of professional self-determination to professional self-realization. This situation lays the foundation for crisis reproduction of the entire socio-cultural system. It is difficult to change the situation in the short term, therefore, we are talking about long-term projects. The authors propose to turn to potential of the institute of education, designed not only to form a layer of knowledge, skills, and competencies of the future businessmen, but also to form a culture of entrepreneurship with a high level of professional responsibility as one of the main indicators of professionalism.

The purpose of the present study was to analyze the relationship between spirituality and perceived performance in team sports players. A standard spirituality questionnaire was used to assess the exogenous variable. The endogenous variable of the study was perceived performance and was measured through a questionnaire of a likert scale which was adopted from literature. Subjective performances of the players were derived opposed to objective performance. Data had been collected from Sri Lankan national team players who are engaged in team sports of football, basketball, Elle, volleyball, Hockey, Kabaddi, Netball, Rugby and Throw ball. The study population was 308 national team players and the universal sampling technique was used. The study results reveal that there is a positive relationship between spirituality and performance of the players.

This paper aims to place Indonesian migrant workers based on a mapping from the estimation of the demand function of foreign workers and the efficiency of production costs. The demand function of foreign workers and the function of production costs are obtained through a derivation in the function of Constant Elasticity of Substitution (CES) production. The mapping of Indonesian migrant workers placement applies five scenarios by the assumption that local wage constantly increased using panel data from the Malaysian manufacturing industries, period 2002-2015. The result found that the relationship of all foreign workers with local workers at various levels of skills in the manufacturing industry is substitution. The priority for high-skilled which is a priority for placing Indonesian migrant workers is manufacturing industries with CA code and CI code, middle-skilled is manufacturing industries with CB code, CI code, and CJ code, low-skilled is manufacturing industries with CA code, CL code, and Other manufacturing industries.

This study aimed to identify to the extent of applying effective teaching skills in teaching physical education. The researcher employed the descriptive survey method, and the study population consisted of all the students in enrolled in physical education teaching methods course during the first semester of the academic year 2018/2019 (N=83). The study sample consisted of all the study population participants (100%). A 35-item questionnaire was constructed, specially designed for the effective teaching skills (classroom management, planning, teaching aids, implementation, and evaluation). The scientific coefficients of the study instruments were calculated through obtaining the content validity and reliability (0.91); the means, standard deviation, T-test and One Way ANOVA to obtain the differences of the means and answer the questions. The results showed statistically significant differences at the (P=0.05) level in the means of the effective teaching skills by gender, in favor of the males. There were statistically significant differences in the effective teaching skills, by academic years, in favor of the first year, and second years, respectively. The results further showed statistically significant differences in the effective teaching skills by academic department, in favor of the sport rehabilitation department.

This research aims to investigate the suitable measurement method of human capital quality and its indicators including both extrinsic and intrinsic factors. Research data were collected randomly from more than 400 students per chosen university in different academic years at the current five most famous economic universities in Vietnam, with 1796 observations and 2100 questionnaires. By combining the use of qualitative and quantitative methods with the support of EVIEW 10 and STATA 22 software, the study was conducted evaluate the impact of four extrinsic factors (academic staffs, administration services, curriculum structure, and infrastructure) and seven intrinsic factors that reflect students’ motivation (learning purpose, acquiring knowledge ability, learning method, hardworking, self-awareness, and relationship development) on human capital quality (expressed through knowledge, skills, and attitudes). The research results indicate that students’ motivation is the most important factor promoting human capital quality whereas administration services and infrastructure has a negative impact on human capital quality. Furthermore, while academic staffs only influence slightly and positively on students’ attitudes curriculum structure can impact both students’ skills and attitudes.

The purpose of present research is to assess Ilam provincial climate in the view of tourism using Equivalent Temperature Index Discomfort Index. In this regard, it was used dataset of National Meteorology Organization and statistics of General planning and management Department, Ilam provincial stations (& stations) from the date of their opening to the end of 2016. Then, collected data were considered by two respective indices. Discomfort Index will calculate the rate of human discomfort in relation to thermal factor using air temperature, relative humidity (RH) and wind rate. Equivalent Temperature Index will assess common effects of temperature on living organism in relation to air temperature and evaporation. Results obtained from Ilam provincial tourism climate by means of Equivalent Temperature Index showed that the lowest and highest annual scores were related to Ilam and Dehloran cities, respectively. Results of Discomfort Index (DI) showed that the lowest and highest DI scores related to Ilam city in January and Dehloran city in July were 614 and 28.8, respectively. Based on obtained results, Ilam province had two different spatial and temporal spans for tourism. Tow that, in regard to tourist attraction, if northern region has optimal conditions in one season, at the same time, there is no optimal conditions in southern regions.

Objective: This study explores the impact of social media on family who live with mentally disordered members in rural areas of Ponorogo, East Java Province. Various efforts have been made to determine whether or not social media can help families in rural areas deal with serious stress because of living with their mentally disordered members. Method: This study involves 160 members with mental disorder and their family. Stress is measured based on Lazarus and Folkman theory. Data are analyzed using the Sperman test with SPSS software. Results: Using Beck criteria, it was found that 60% (N = 160) of families feel stressed. Interestingly, there was a significance difference of stress experienced by the social media users and non-social media users (p value= 0.002). There are 31.3% of social media users who are less stressed while 68.7% non-social media users felt more stressed. Conclusion: This study verifies the stress experienced by familes who live with mentally disordered members. It can be concluded that the families who use social media are less stressed even though they live with mentally disordered members. It means social media can prevent stress. In addition, it is recommended that counseling and psychological training should be designed by considering participants’ gender and level of education.

This study aims to obtain empirical evidence of the influence of subject norms and attitudes on whistleblowing intentions. The population of this study is employees of accounting and finance department of Universitas Negeri Semarang. The research sample applied convenience sampling technique. The analysis used was PLS SEM analysis. The results of the study indicate that the attitudes and subjective norms of employees have a significant influence on whistleblowing intentions. The results of the study reinforce the theory of planned behavior that attitudes and subjective norms influence one’s intention to act. This study gives a major contribution to the organization. Management of employees emotional is extremely needed to drive their attitudes and subjective norms to be a good whistleblower. For further research, it should involve a moderating variable such as organizational support to obtain more comprehensive research results.

This study aims to evaluate institutional capacity building program and their impact on the welfare of coastal women. The study employed qualitative method and data was collected through structured interviews and observations on the lives of coastal women’s families. A total of 5 group leaders and 25 group members were investigated in this study. The study identifies four main finding. First, the capacity building program was carried out sporadically and unstructured so that it did not have a significant impact on the development of the group and its members. Second, the absence of mentoring and marketing assistance for group business products. Third, the training program was effective in increase the ability of women in groups to process seaweed into various types of processed food, but are constrained by capital and product marketing issues so that their skills cannot be utilized optimally. And fourth, capacity building programs give little attention to the socio-cultural problems of the community, even though Cultural issues are an important factor in increasing the capacity of women’s groups.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of business Knowledge Management System (KMS) of creative industry in the visual communication design sub-sector to attain sustainable competitive advantage. This research is a quantitative research using survey method with a questionnaire as the instrument. The population in this study consists of business owners, business managers, and creative workers in the business of visual communication design sub-sector located in Riau, Indonesia. The sample size is 202 and the sampling method used is purposive sampling, there are 34 questions in the questionnaire and analyzed by using SEM AMOS. This study found that KMS of the business effect sustainable competitive advent age. Both basic competing strategies and strategic competitiveness can be used as dimensions of sustainable competitive advantage. This study is conducted in Visual Communication Design so that it needs to be extended to other sub-sectors to further validate the model.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of business Knowledge Management System (KMS) of creative industry in the visual communication design sub-sector to attain sustainable competitive advantage. This research is a quantitative research using survey method with a questionnaire as the instrument. The population in this study consists of business owners, business managers, and creative workers in the business of visual communication design sub-sector located in Riau, Indonesia. The sample size is 202 and the sampling method used is purposive sampling, there are 34 questions in the questionnaire and analyzed by using SEM AMOS. This study found that KMS of the business effect sustainable competitive advent age. Both basic competing strategies and strategic competitiveness can be used as dimensions of sustainable competitive advantage. This study is conducted in Visual Communication Design so that it needs to be extended to other sub-sectors to further validate the model.

This study is to analyze the relationship between market conduct and product development. The research is focused on the case of CPO and PKO derivative product development. The research question is that whether market conduct support or not the development of CPO and PKO derivative products in Solok City? For this purpose, there are six aspects are necessary to be analyzed: (i) by using time series data (2010-2018), the hypothesis testing of price relationship equation between the dependent variable, i.e: Pp which is considered as the realization of buying price of FFB at the farmer’s level, with several related independent variables. The results show that each parameter coefficient of independent variables marked by positive sign and smaller than one, except for ETC parameter coefficient which is marked by negative sign and smaller than one. Those facts indicate that there is a big possibility of opportunity opened for creation and development of derivative products of CPO and PKO; (ii) by calculating RCA indices of CPO (2004-2018), the finding is RCAs>1 in average which implies that the development of CPO derivative products has a comparative advantage. (iii) the LQ values for most of business fields and industry in forming GRDP of Solok City is in average greater than 1 (one) which implies that market opportunities are opened for those sectors to be developed as the engine of mover economic growth of the regions. (iv) HDIs of Solok City (2014-2018) are in average equal to 77.00. (v) the palm oil industry tree shows that there are many possibilities of creating and developing CPO and PKO derivative products. (vi) the location of Solok City is quite strategic as the center for industrial derivative product development of CPO and PKO in Sumatra. All findings confirm that the existing condition of market conduct supports the development of CPO and PKO derivative products industries in Solok City.

The objective of this study was to identify the impact of IT governance under the COBIT5 framework on the effectiveness of internal control systems in Jordanian industrial companies. In order to achieve the objectives of this study, the descriptive and analytical methodology was used. The study society is composed of the accounting and financial departments, the number of (65) questionnaires were distributed to each company from the study sample of (43) companies, the researchers retrieved (97) questionnaires. After reviewing the retrieved questionnaires it was found that there are (4) questionnaires that are not valid for the statistical analysis. And thus the suitable number of questionnaires for analysis is (93). In order to analyze the study data and test hypotheses, the SPSS program was used in the various statistical analyzes, descriptive statistics and the internal consistency coefficient (Kronbach Alpha). The multiple linear correlation test was also used using the Pearson correlation coefficient and the variance inflation coefficient, Analysis of simple and multiple linear regression. The study reached several results, the most important of which was the existence of a strong and statistically significant relationship between the implementation of COBIT5’s decisions (planning and organization, acquisition and implementation, service provision and support, evaluation and observation). The study concluded with several recommendations, the most important of which was the increase in the degree of companies’ use of the pioneering brainstorming method in the qualification of employees within the companies and evaluating their performance according to the COBIT framework.5 In addition to the need for companies To develop future plans to activate the concept of control and auditing in the environment of the computer and the gradual transition to modern control methods, including automatic control under the COBIT5 framework.

Ecotourism is referred to sustainable tourism, whereby responsible travel is endorsed, especially in natural areas that emphasize on relaxation. In Malaysia, the richness of natural areas leads ecotourism to become one of the rapidly growing industries within the nation. Thus, there is a need for complete understanding of ecotourism practice in planning, developing, and resources management to ensure sustainability without causing environmental degradation. Over the decades, people are progressively pursuing for reconnection with the nature for pukka natural experiences during their travel. This study intends to identify the impacts of natural resources, accessibility, cultural uniqueness, carrying capacity, and perceived values on tourism destination competitiveness from tourists’ perspectives. A total of 157 respondents had participated in completing the questionnaire. WarpPLS (version 6.0) was applied to assess the developed model based on path modelling followed by bootstrapping. The results revealed that accessibility and cultural uniqueness are positively and significantly correlated to tourism destination competitiveness based on tourists’ perspectives. Surprisingly, natural resources, carrying capacity, and perceived values were observed to be no significant relationship with tourism destination competitiveness. The implications, limitations, and directions for future research are further discussed.

The village, or what is called by another name, existed before Indonesian independence. Regulations regarding villages are regulated in several laws and regulations. The purpose of this research is to analyze and find a comparison of the authority of village administration before and after the implementation of Law no. 6 of 2014. Research methods, types of normative legal research, with philosophical approaches, statutory approaches, conceptual approaches, and historical approaches, using primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials. The obtained legal materials are processed and analyzed prescriptive normatively. In conclusion, the comparison of village government authority before the implementation of Law No. 6 of 2014 places the village authority in two roles, namely the authority to manage its own household, and the role as the lowest government under the sub-district head, and the uniformity of villages throughout the territory of the Republic of Indonesia, before the implementation of the Law No.6 of 2014, the authority of the village government remains with the district/city government, so that the authority of the village government is always in a truncated and amputated position.

The Malay language is the national language of Malaysia’s multireligious and multiracial society. Due to a close association between Islam and Malay, the Muslim hegemony controls the religious truth of the meaning and interpretation in the Malay language. However, to enhance the role of the Malay language to be an inclusive religious language, it is important to intellectualise the language through interreligious dialogue in Malaysia. The study aims at (1) analysing the needs of the intellectualisation of the Malay language as a religious language in Malaysian interreligious dialogue, and (2) explaining the process of the intellectualisation of the Malay language in Malaysian interreligious dialogue. The main approaches of the study are Syed Hussein Alatas (1977) idea of intellectualism in the sociology of development and Asmah Haji Omar (1993) suggestion of intellectualisation in language planning. There are two types of data. Firstly, the news on interreligious dialogue in Berita Harian, an online Malay newspaper. Secondly, the answers given by four sociolinguists in their interviews covering questions on the needs and the process of the intellectualisation of the Malay language. The intellectualisation of the Malay language refers to the ability of the language to express intellectually the religious messages of all religions in Malaysia, which can be done through two different ways: linguistic and non-linguistic perspectives. The findings suggest that the intellectualisation of the Malay language as a religious language in Malaysian interreligious dialogue has strong potential for strengthening mutual understanding, respect and tolerance among the followers of different religions who participate in the dialogue.

Food safety is an important issue in the whole processes of food utilization and appropriate labelling is very fundamental in guiding consumers’ decisions. This research was carried out to determine perception of consumers on usefulness of food labels, analyse the factors influencing their perception and determine the factors influencing utilization food labels in their food purchasing decisions. The respondents were randomly sampled and interviewed with structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed with Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression and Probit regression model. Majority of the respondents (56%) were older than 23 years and female (65%). Also, many of the respondents were checking for labels on vegetable oil (54%), eggs (48%), milk (56%) and bread (70%). Majority of the respondents were interested in the expiry dates of vegetable oil (66%), eggs (83%), milk (85%) and bread (86%). Time constraint (32%) and uncertainty about the accuracy of the information (33%) were highlighted as constraints to food label utilization. Perception of importance of food labels was influenced significantly (p<0.01) by label desirability for bread and income. Also, utilization of food labels during food purchases was influenced by being married and household income. It was concluded that consumers were aware of food labels and some efforts were being put into utilization of those labels in their food purchase decisions. .Efforts to promote food safety through utilization of labels should be directed at poor households and those consumers that have not married.

This study aims to evaluate institutional capacity building program and their impact on the welfare of coastal women. The study employed qualitative method and data was collected through structured interviews and observations on the lives of coastal women’s families. A total of 5 group leaders and 25 group members were investigated in this study. The study identifies four main finding. First, the capacity building program was carried out sporadically and unstructured so that it did not have a significant impact on the development of the group and its members. Second, the absence of mentoring and marketing assistance for group business products. Third, the training program was effective in increase the ability of women in groups to process seaweed into various types of processed food, but are constrained by capital and product marketing issues so that their skills cannot be utilized optimally. And fourth, capacity building programs give little attention to the socio-cultural problems of the community, even though Cultural issues are an important factor in increasing the capacity of women’s groups.

The present research project aims at studying the impressions and beliefs of the customers of Tejarat Bank in order to identify and prioritize the factors of relationship marketing which help increase the satisfaction of the customers with the service section of Tejarat Bank of Hamadan, Iran. It is a mixed exploratory study conducted based on Q methodology. The statistical community of the study comprised all the customers of the central branch of the bank who had, at least, one kind of account in it and were considered as active customers. Finally 30 customers were aimfully selected for the study by using a focused group discussion technique. Based on the interviews conducted with the customers through focused group discussions, 21 Q phrases were extracted. The phrases were then handed out to the customers in the form of a questionnaire with 21 items and an answer sheet (Q diagram). They were asked to give their agreement or disagreement with the items provided. Then after collecting the data which were gained through regulating the Q, they were analyzed by using factor-analysis method. The results thus found showed that the customers have introduced the five cases of trust, commitment, conflict handling, relationship and competence as the main factors of relationship marketing. The identified factors were then prioritized, and this showed that, from the viewpoints of the customers, the variables of trust, commitment and conflict handling were the most important ones in increasing the customer satisfaction.

This research investigated the relationship between ethical leadership and employee performance using data from the employees in Vietnamese service firms. We examined four dimensions of psychological capital (efficacy, hope, resilience, and optimism), and employee engagement as mediators of the ethical leadership to two dimensions of employee performance (task performance and contextual performance) relationship. Results from 563 respondents of 73 service firms revealed that ethical leadership was positively and significantly related to task performance and contextual performance and that this relationship was mediated by four dimensions of psychological capital and employee engagement, and work experience and education level, controlling for task performance and contextual performance. We discuss implication of our findings for theory and practice.

The average economic growth rate of Pasaman Regency before the administrative division (1993-2002) was 5.8%, then after the division increased slightly to an average of 5.9%. This figure is far lower than the rate of growth of the New Autonomous Region of West Pasaman Regency (6.4 %). After the division, agricultural and mining sectors became more dominant in the economy of Pasaman making up 54.6% but the contribution of the manufacturing sector declined sharply from 10.3% to 4.6% as most of the existing Pasaman processing industry became part of West Pasaman. The comparative advantages of Pasaman Regency are mainly in the sectors: agriculture, forestry and freshwater fisheries. The district’s economic growth is mainly influenced by factors originating from outside the region as indicated by the relatively high regional-share component of 159%. While regional division has benefited West Pasaman, it has provided no significant benefit for the parent region which can still be categorized as underdeveloped. An analysis of the Klassen Typology Matrix indicates that policies and programs that are relevant for the development of disadvantaged areas should be directed at providing employment through the use of labor-intensive technologies. This development should focus on agriculture, forestry and freshwater fisheries producing products with a significantly extensive market.

Decentralisation aims to improve social welfare. However, the authority held by regional governments increases the opportunities for corruption in the forestry sector. The aim of this research is to elaborate on problematic decentralisation and corruption in the forestry sector; additionally, the study considers the change in forest management policy before, during, and after decentralisation in a discussion of the measures taken to eradicate regional corruption in the forestry sector. The findings indicate that holders of large amounts of capital are influential in politics, leading to legislation that favor’s individual interests over the welfare of low-income populations. The integrity and commitment of regional heads determine whether a region is corruption-free. The following could help reduce corruption that damages the environment within regional areas: (1) enforcing the commitment of regional heads to eradicating corruption; (b) strengthening the structure of law enforcement; and (c) strengthening community groups. It is recommended that the government enforce the integrity of regional heads and maintain an internal commitment in all areas to eradicating corruptors.

Turkey has made great strides towards increasing international competitiveness and aims to adapt to the international risk management platforms to further its national economic policy. Risk management would serve to the corporates to run their business in optimum level, to reduce the chance of the hazards, to protect the resources and to improve the image. The purpose of this study is to investigate the inherent risks plaguing non-financial companies in Turkey and the risk management behavior and insurance approach undertaken in order to combat these important risks. The analysis consists of survey questions generated via appropriate risk management literature and reports from the Federation of European Risk Management Associations and Risk & Insurance Management Society. The sample consisted of 59 high level Risk Managers from publicly available non-financial firms on BIST, 20 of which were included under top 100 of ISO 500 by 2017.

The role of nurses is huge in conducting nursing care under the existing Standard Operational Procedure (SPO). If it complies with the established standards, then the incident almost injured or even the KNC did not occur. Job stress can occur in nursing care for patients. Workloads which include quantitative workloads, qualitative workloads, physical workloads, psychological workloads, social workloads. This study aims to determine the effect of work stress on nurses workload on the incidence of near injury / KNC and its impact on the performance of nurses inpatient installations. This type of research is quantitative research with a cross-sectional approach. The population is all nurses in the Inpatient Services at Kumala Siwi Kudus General Hospital. Sample 68 nurses, using total sampling. This type of research is quantitative research with a cross-sectional approach. Based on the data processing that has done, the results can be used to answer the hypothesis in this study. Hypothesis testing in this study was conducted by looking at the value of T-Statistics and the value of P-Values. The research hypothesis can be accepted if the P-Values value < 0.05. Hypothesis 1: Near Miss, Events Affecting Performance P Values 0.009 results are acceptable; Hypothesis 2 Stress affecting Near Miss Events/KNC P values result in 0.008. Hypothesis 3 Stress affecting performance P values 0,035 are acceptable.

An expanding number of colleges and universities are offering one form or another of enterprise computing academic programs to meet the market demand for graduate in this field. The programs regularly are developed by team of faculty who are expert in this area and in collaboration with Enterprise Application Solutions Vendors offering platforms in this field. As of presently, there’s no enterprise computing reference curriculum recognized by the scholarly community or industry. Industry and the scholarly community frequently vary in the scope and the definition of enterprise computing program. Subsequently, the need for an enterprise computing reference framework has regularly been enunciated in an assortment of of meetings within the enterprise computing community. The goal of this paper is to propose an enterprise computing reference curriculum model at the undergraduate level based on a study of the enterprise computing program at several local, regional, and international universities, the industry needs of enterprise computing competencies, the expertise of the authors, and the best practices available in the scholarly community and industry.

Sex trafficking is a form of slavery, and it is a human right issue that keeps going despite being illegal. Since it persists, there is a need to look into it to understand the impact of the same on the female survivors. The present study aims to explore survivors’ experiences before and during sex trafficking and to comprehend the emotional experiences of survivors post-rescue from sex trafficking. The participants were ten sex trafficking survivors, ages 18 to 24 years old. A phenomenological approach was used. The researcher utilized thematic analysis to identify themes within the data collected. Findings revealed that the main factors that contributed to the entrance of the participants in sex trafficking were poverty and broken family. The experience of life during sex trafficking was marked by rape and torture. Participants described life as unhappy, hard and as hell. The emotional experiences are mainly psychological distress such as feeling angry and sad because of the past. Survivors have feelings of guilt and fear. Lack of understanding is predominating in all participants. Survivors’ experiences are not all negative. With rescue, they have got a better life. The positive emotions are happiness, faith in God, hope, new identity and value. They experience happiness because the new life is good. They have faith in God and have hope for a better future.

Currently, gastronomy is a fundamental pillar for tourists to discover the cultural potential of the places that they visit, with culinary pleasures becoming determining motivations in the choice of a destination. With this idea, this research investigates the gastronomic experiences of tourists who visit a place recognized by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site, the city of Sucre in Bolivia. It highlights the existence of three types of tourists, based on their perceptions regarding the gastronomic experiences in the city (known as survivors, enjoyers, and experiencers). Additionally, it concludes that the local gastronomy of the destination provides significant culinary motivations.

Spatial planning can be formed and developed in the dynamics of human life that grows based on the cultural and historical aspects of a city. The emergence of the concept of space and religious traditions in a city with historical value is one of them in the city of Demak. Demak City is one of the religious cities that has a new lifestyle for the Muslim community that has developed and has an identity as a religious community. The predicate of the city of Wali gives instructions that are relevant to the life of the people in the city of Demak. To what extent is the concept of forming spiritual space developing in the current Demak city? Broadly speaking, this will be the topic of writing about searching for symbols of space based on the phenomenon of community life in the city of Demak. Through qualitative methods as an option in this study to get a picture of understanding the concept of space and structuralism approach, information can be conveyed about the meaning of the concept of space and religious traditions. Research results in the form of the concept of spiritual space can be identified through the ritual activities of the majority of people in the area of the tomb of Sunan Kalijaga in Kadilangu Demak higher than the tombs of the Kings of Demak around the Great Mosque of Demak.

Government’s neglect of some primary schools in Nigeria has complicated service delivery with resultant non-conducive learning environment and degraded motivations for teachers. This paper generated indices of conducive learning environment and analyzed its determinants at primary schools in Nigeria. The study used the 2013 education Service Delivery Indicator (SDI) data that were collected from 744 primary schools in Nigeria. The data were analyzed with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression. The results showed that 62.37% all the schools were in urban areas while Bauchi and Anambra states recorded the highest percentages of urban schools with 77.84% and 60.00%, respectively. The factors that increased conducive learning environment significantly (p<0.05) were private ownership, being established before 1990, and being situated in Anambra state, while urban location and practice of multi-grade reduced it. It was concluded that adequate monitoring of the state of infrastructural facilities in Nigeria’s public primary schools should become top priority of government and other stakeholders in the education sector.

Recently, the implementation of differentiated instruction had been proposed by Ministry of Education of Malaysia to be implemented across all schools in the country. Consequently, as announced in the Malaysia Education Blueprint (2013) the Ministry had launched a program called Differentiated Teaching and Learning of English Language. After few years of its implementation, a measurement protocol was needed to assess the effectiveness of differentiated teaching approach in the teaching and learning of English language. In this instance, a multidimensional instrument was developed to measure student motivation toward differentiated teaching and learning of English language, and indicate teachers’ overall teaching performance. The questionnaire contains three sections A (Demography), B (78-item scale assessing student motivation based on their experience of differentiated English language teaching and learning), and C (Student Comment/Suggestion). In this paper, the researcher presents the procedures involved in evaluating the psychometric properties of the instrument and discusses its validity and reliability. The items were constructed based on an accumulation of teachers’ differentiated teaching strategies. Face and content validity were evaluated while internal consistency and factor analyses were computed. The final reliability coefficients for the whole scale and subscales range from high to very high, while changes suggested by the analyses were accepted. The overall analysis suggested that the questionnaire is deemed valid and reliable to measure student motivation toward differentiated teaching and learning of English language, and as an indicator of teachers’ performance in applying differentiated approach.

This study examines the impact of bank holding structure on the financial welfare of farmers. We used an expost facto research design and studied all the 18 deposit money banks in Nigeria. We used dummy variable to measure bank conglomerate structure for the period between 2001 and 2018. We also identified the features of financial holding companies based on firms specific variables including portfolio condition, competitive standing, equity characteristics and sizes. Based on our analysis, bank holding structures significantly and positively affect banks propensity to create risk assets to farmers (coefficient=0.34; p-value less 5%). This implies that ring fencing banks leads to increase in credit availability to farmers and consequently their welfare advancement in Nigeria. Banks with holding structure have competitive advantage and this competiveness benefits farmers significantly (coefficient=0.05; p-value < 0.05). Our analysis also shows that banks with holding structures diversify into non-interest source of revenue, which yields positive and significant effect on farmers financial welfare (coefficient= 2.05). Thus, diversifying conglomerating banks can outperform their peers in terms of risk asset making for farmers to extent that relative to non conglomerate banks, up to 2.05% of credit is allocated to farmers for every unit change in bank market due to holding structures. Variation in deposit demands, and gross assets were found to advance loans to farmers. However, default risks and liquidity risk of conglomerate banks limits their credit availability to farmers, which implies that conglomerate banks are highly sensitive to liquidity and default risks. We also found that conglomerate banks allocates risks asset to farmers based on the national economic growth level. Thus, as the economy improves conglomerate banks desire to make risk assets to farmers also increases. We recommend that regulators should improve economic growth in order to draw banks into lending to farmers. Conglomerate banks should be protected from default shocks and liquidity risks in order to encourage them to lend more to farmers.

Government expenditure has been considered to be having an extent of impact on economic performance at both sectoral level and aggregate national level. Evidence from literature, however shows that this notion has not been generally accepted across countries and sectors. Considering the significance of agriculture in an economy most especially in Africa, and the consequent role of government, this study examines the impact of government expenditure on agricultural productivity in South Africa using annual time series data from 1983 to 2016. It is shown that there exists a long-run relationship between government expenditure on agriculture and agricultural productivity, and a positive significant effect only to be expected in the long-run. The finding underscores the non-negotiable role of the South African government funding of agricultural sector in an era of climate change and a highly commercialized agricultural system. Furthermore, considering the low and declining pattern of government expenditure in the sector in South Africa, the desired productivity growth impact will only be experienced in the long-run all things being equal. Improving government funding in the sector could accelerate the desired agricultural productivity in the short-term.

Home has a different meaning to the house because it contains the identity, social relations and collective meaning, and in it there are activities of human life. Home is a domestic space that is close to human life and is influenced by culture. Many cultural factors affect the domestic space itself, such as memory and time; social, economic and political; habits (habit); technology; age; and gender. In this article, we will look at the relationship between culture and domestic space by comparing the interior order of the three houses. The research was conducted by field observation and interview with the residents of the house. The result of the study suggested that culture influences domestic space. This finding can be seen from the differences in interior order and the use of space, although the three residential houses have the characteristics of residential and residents are almost the same.

There are many evidences that relate nutrition deficiency with increased risk of chronic diseases. A clear understanding and knowledge on the factors influencing dietary supplements consumption is therefore important. This knowledge could assist health professional in developing their marketing strategies. A model is developed and tested examining the relationships between attitude, social influence and perceived behavioural control and consumption of dietary supplements among Malaysian consumers. Mall intercept survey was carried out to acquire data from 316 consumers using structured questionnaires at 10 hypermarkets in Malaysia. Construct measures were based on existing previous research. Measurement reliabilities and validities were established using confirmatory factor analysis. Hypotheses were tested using Structural Equation Model and accepted method for testing mediation effect. From the 10 hypotheses developed, 7 were supported. It was discovered that consumption of dietary supplements is positively been influenced by consumer attitude towards dietary supplements, normative influence, informational influence and perceived behavioural control. On the other hand, attitude towards dietary supplements is positively been influenced by normative influence and perceived behavioural control. The relationship between perceived behavioural control and dietary consumption behaviour is mediated by consumer attitude towards dietary supplements. This research sets the ground for stakeholders in the healthcare and pharmaceutical sectors to improve their understanding of what drives dietary supplements consumption. Armed with this knowledge, marketers and health professionals could plan and execute their marketing strategies and health interventions more effectively. The theoretical implications and managerial implications of these findings are discussed.

Various activities in the coastal area of Buleleng-Bali for many years affected to the sustainability of mariculture activities. This research aimed to 1) identify the problems of groupers farming in fish cages, 2) analyze the cost-benefit of grouper farming and 3) analyze fish farmer perceptions on mariculture development. Primary and secondary data were collected and analyzed by using descriptive, financial and Likert-type analyzes. The results show that the average production of grouper farming was 450 – 7500 kg per harvest. The main problems in groupers farming are related to uncertainty market demand in recent years, financial capital limitation, high price of fish feeding, and low productivity. Benefit-cost analysis revealed that the benefit-cost ratio is 1.92 (B/C ratio > 1) and the payback period (PP) is 2.3 years (project life assumption: 10 years) and the internal rate return (IRR) is 12%. It means that grouper farming is economically visible to develop in Buleleng District. Fish farmers as well as local stakeholders have positive perception and active participation in grouper farming using floating-fish cages. Fish farmers also needs special trainings related to disease management, seed selection, marketing, and good aquaculture practices. The main obstacles of price and capacity faced by farmers for using various sensors to reduce the risk of mass fish death and other climate change effects should be of special concern to local and central government to install a set of equipment to control and reduce the impact of environmental changes on all grouper floating cages.

Work-life balance is one of the prevailing issues in many organizations. Inability of workers to balance work and family could lead to increased rates of absenteeism, stress, employee turnover, job dissatisfaction and poor work performance. It is therefore essential for employees to maintain stability between work and their private lives. This research examined the effect of work-life balance on employee performance of selected deposit money banks in Lagos State, Nigeria. Survey research design was adopted. The target population was 54,028 employees, which consisted of all employees of the six selected Deposit Money Banks in Lagos State, Nigeria. A sample size comprising 520 employees were selected using random sampling technique. Primary data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and simple regression analysis. The findings revealed that job stress significantly affects quality of work of employees (F= 33.500, p< 0.05); and long working hours significantly affects motivation of employees in the selected deposit money banks in Lagos State (F= 8.716, p< 0.05). However, the study reveals that role overload has no significant effect on job satisfaction of employees in selected deposit money banks in Lagos State (F= 0.011, p> 0.05). This study concludes that work-life balance has significant effect on employee performance in the selected deposit money banks in Lagos State, Nigeria.

Background: The cases of suicide among teenagers in the U.S. have increased significantly. Among the factors considered responsible for this trend is the increasing cases of depression. Several sources, including Shain (2016) have associated this trend with the internet age and the increasing use of social media. Understand the connection between these three things, depression, suicide rates, and social media uses, can be the foundation for determining reasonable solutions to the problem of increasing suicide rates. Methods: The paper used a narrative review. A web search was conducted on the following key phrases: social media, depression, suicide, suicide trends among American teenagers, social media use among American teenagers, and the relationship between social media use and suicide rates. Afterwards, the information was compiled to formulate a more comprehensive outlook at the problem of suicides as is affected by social media use. Results: It was found that depression is among the primary causes of suicidal tendencies among teenagers in the U.S. Furthermore, it was noted that social media is a prominent contributor to the increasing cases of depression, and hence suicidal tendencies, among American teenagers. Conclusion: There is a need for intervention methods for teenagers with suicidal tendencies and increased control of content posted on social media.

The study aimed to examine Qassim University teaching staff professional competencies level and the extent of its implementation to reach 80% optimization level. The researchers used a test developed for this purpose; it included 42 items to measure eight key competencies: authorities and administration, development and quality assurance management, learning and teaching, learning resources, management competencies, personal competencies, scientific research, and the institution relationships with the society. We designed the test answers based on a 5-point Likert scale, and insured its validity and stability. An available sample of (218) from the teaching staff at College of Sciences and Arts in Rass/ Qassim University participated in the study. We found that the personal competencies means scores (M. = 4.76) are high, the institution relationships with the society means scores (M. = 3.24) are low, overall mean score (M. = 3.94) is moderate. The teaching staff implementation of their personal competencies to optimize education means scores (M. = 4.09) are high, the management competencies means score (M. =2.52) are low, the overall means score (M. =3.4) is moderate. The teaching staff scored lower than the expected optimization level of 80% at (a = 0.05), the scores of the implementation level and the expected level in all the domains were low except in the personal competencies which scored over 80%, and a mean of (M. = 81.72).

The purpose of the study is to identify the degree of Al-Ahliyya Amman University (AAU) learners’ and academic staff members’ evaluation of self e-learning- based courses in terms of their educational content, the technical design of electronic techniques and activities, availability and accessibility. The sample of the study consisted of (353) learners who were selected by a simple random methodology involving learners taking the self e-learning- based courses. Five members were selected from the academic staff as coordinators of these courses. The researchers developed a 39-item tool divided into four domains, and they examined their validity and reliability. The study found that the degree of evaluation of the self e-learning-based courses from the perspective of both learners and academic staff members at AAU was high according to the assessment of the technical design of electronic techniques, activities and the evaluation of their availability and accessibility. The research paper also showed that there were no statistically significant differences according to its variables (profession, gender, faculty, and course).

Evaluation of real exchange rate of countries is an urgent task, as it is a key macroeconomic indicator characterizing the competitiveness of national goods in the world markets. An analysis of the relationship between the value of currencies and the position of the world countries in the field of economics and energy was carried out using an event valuation, which is one of the methods for the intellectual analysis of multidimensional data. A distinctive feature of this approach is the study of the relationship between the probabilities of simple and joint events of observing the values of statistical indicators of socio-economic objects. At the same time, the average statistical development trends of the studied sectors of the world economy are taken into account. In the process of research it was established that at present there are vast groups of countries for which the real value of national currencies is both overestimated and underestimated against the background of the contribution of these countries to the global economy. There is a tendency when, for many economically developed countries, the value of national currencies is overestimated. An example of a comprehensive assessment of Russia’s position in the field of economics and energy shows the process of assessing the real value of the ruble. The event estimation method can be used in the analysis of the features and patterns of development processes both in the countries of the world and in other socio-economic objects, for example, regions, cities or enterprises.

This study aims to investigate the academic culture and task commitment toward lecturers’ innovativeness. Quantitative survey methods were adopted. To collecting the data, a questionnaire and path analysis were used. Two hundred fifteen lecturers at several universities in Jakarta (Indonesia) participated in the study. The results indicate that many academic cultures positively give direct influences to lecturers’ innovativeness, and task commitment positively gives direct influences to lecturers’ innovativeness. The study concludes that training and mastery of the use of media are needed to improve the competence and innovation of lecturers in conducting scientific research.

Qualitative research has suggested that minority groups suffer discrimination. Some had focused on the effects of discrimination and prejudicial treatments of groups that are referred to as socially-devalued. This has also provoked greater interest in theorizing on the relationship between explanatory causal factors of discrimination against these groups. This study contributes to this body of research findings by focusing on an ethnic minority group that has been subjected to various discriminatory treatments on the basis of ancestral/historical difference. It examines the relationship between some exclusionary ethno-cultural variables and their effect on conflict occurrence. Conflict is depicted here as the dependent variable while the ethno-cultural variables- exclusion, deprivations, identity formation, and migration are considered as independent variables. This study adopts the quantitative approach using the Chi-Square analysis to investigate the relationship between these variables based on the Mean of the responses from the administered questionnaires, while Regression analysis was used to examine the impact of the independent variables (cultural identity formation, social exclusion, migration history, deprivation, and segregation) on the dependent variable (communal conflict). The findings from the regression analysis show that a significant relationship exists between all the independent variables and the dependent variable, while from the Chi-square analysis, the findings reveal that except for deprivation, all other independent variables have a positive relationship with the dependent variable.

In the context of providing adequate housing, a large number of people in developing countries are transforming their homes. This informal housing provision also occurs in Bali, both in BTN (National Savings Bank) housing and in traditional homes. The purpose of this study was to determine a number of determinant factors of home transformation. To achieve the objectives, this study used a survey research strategy, and two case studies were selected. Using a questionnaire as the main tool, one hundred and sixty-six respondents were interviewed. Logistic regression analysis states that both household and residential characteristics are important determinants of transformation. Two home variables, namely the size of the house and the number of original beds are good predictors. The study also shows that four household characteristics appear to be important, namely total expenditure, number of residents, type of household, and ownership.

This study aims to determine the Accreditation Management Readiness of Higher Education. PTKIS Kopertais Region II West Java-Banten. This study uses a sequential transformative mixed method through the theory of Edward III. Data collection through literature, interviews, questionnaires, and observations, involving 15 informants with 45 respondents, data validation with triangles has been done internally, and involved experts from across sectors. The results of this study indicate that most of the eight or (53%) PTKIS are not ready to implement AIPT. It can be seen from the average achievement in four aspects: Communication has not run optimally: the dissemination of information has not been evenly distributed, understanding of staff is lack, and information is inconsistent, its achievement is (37.08%). Resource readiness: the availability of numbers and competencies of staff, facilities and infrastructure, information data have not yet supported, and its achievement is (31.25%); Task fragmentation and use of SOPhave alreadybeen running but have not supported the program achievement (44.17%). The success of achieving the program rests on a team that has qualified human capital/executors.

Purpose: Consequently, the purpose of this review paper is to trace the historical and conceptual evolution of CSR. Design: Literature review Findings: Company must respond to meet demand in order to be more reputable and remain profitable. Contesting views have given birth to a myriad of theories on CSR over the past decades as a clear testimony that the concept of CSR is dynamic and continues to evolve. Practical implications: This paper traces the key milestones in the evolution of CSR from the earliest debates between Dodd and Berle in the 1930s followed by arguments on CSR by Friedman in the 1970s up to the current theories Social implications: Trends have moved from corporate social responsibility (CSR) programmes, to sustainable development, to sustainability, to social responsibility Original value: Since the 1950s, many scholars have been researching CSR from different points of view. In order to understand CSR’s impact on organisation behavior, it is necessary to comprehend its progression.

Logistics management is an essential ingredient for organizations in gaining higher profitability. The goal of logistics management was to optimize the number, size, and geographical arrangement of plant and warehouse facilities, select transportation methods, and control distribution costs. There has been shortfall in the supply of cattle and its products due to the considerable spatial separation of production area from consumption area and other ancillary factor. Also, most livestock/cattle supplier in Nigeria do not employed effective logistics management which in turn negatively affect meat/cattle delivery to their customers, inventories, and profit performance. This study examined the effect of management information flow and warehousing management activities on profitability of cattle dealers in selected markets in Nigeria. This study employed descriptive survey design. The target population comprised 4, 248 cattle dealers across the eight approved Abattoir/ markets in Lagos State. A multi-stage sampling technique was adopted to select the sample size of 437. A close-ended well-structured survey questionnaire was adapted, validated and used for collecting data for the study. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficients for the constructs were 0.931. The response rate to the 437 copies of the questionnaire administered was 82.7%. Data were analyzed using structural equation model (SEM). Findings revealed that management of information flow had significant positive effect on the profitability of cattle dealers in selected cattle markets in Lagos State (ß= 0.269, t=5.450, p-value<0.05). Warehousing management activities had significant positive effect on the profitability of cattle dealers in selected cattle markets in Lagos State ß=0.391, t=9.085, p<0.05). The study concluded that logistics management had significant and positive effect on the profitability of cattle dealers in selected markets in Lagos State. It was recommended that internal structure and systems that allow free and timely flow of information between cattle dealers and primary producers/cattle farmers should be put in place. Further, there should provision adequate linkage between the different players involved in the meat production/ processing value chain. Also, a strategic approach to logistics management through embracing modern technology and employee training is recommended.

Conflicts in the family and between families that often lead to divorce often occur among ethnic marriages in the Tapal Kuda areas. This study intends to explore and describe the communication strategies used in inter-ethnic communication as an effort to anticipate and resolve intra and inter-family conflict perpetrators of interethnic marriages. The ethnographic approach to communication with the focus on sociolinguistic study is used to achieve the research objectives. Research informants are inter-ethnic marriages, parents, religious leaders, and KUA officers who are often involved in overcoming issues related to marriage and divorce. Data were collected through participant observation, interviews, and recording. The collected data were transfered in written data and analyzed qualitatively and descriptively with sociolinguistic, ethnographic communication, and pragmatic theories. This research results found that there are three factors that often trigger the failure of communication in inter-ethnic marriages so that they can often also be obstacles to the achievement of speech objectives. These three things are language skills, interaction skills, and cultural knowledge. However, the most dominant thing that occurs and often invites criticism from other cultures is the knowledge and understanding of the culture of other speech communities.

The main purpose of the study was to establish the moderating effect of government regulations on the relationship between internal control system and fraud prevention in baking sector. Structured questionnaire was used as tool for data collection. The study was based on all banks registered and operating in Kenya and the questionnaires were meant for branch managers, operations mangers and cash managers in head offices of all banks. One hundred and seventeen questionnaires were distributed and officers from 33 banks out 39 banks returned fully filled questionnaires. The questionnaires were analyzed using Structural equation Model (SEM). The findings indicated that the government regulations have significant moderating effect of control environment and risk assessment. However, there was insignificant moderating effect on control activities, communication and monitoring of activities. The study suggested that further studies and analysis should be undertaken to establish those legislations and regulations that should be enhanced, abolished and also establish need of new laws to enhance the functions of internal control system.

Crime fiction is a popular genre which deserves a close analysis of its overall communicative devices. It is the aim of this paper to analyse Ruth Rendell’s The Bridesmaid (1989), allegedly considered one of the masterpieces of this well-known genre. Our study endeavours to identify, on the one hand, features which characterize this kind of fiction and, on the other hand, passages where the reader may feel in that state of disappointment due to the author’s provision of unrequired information. The latter is undoubtedly one of the basic standpoints typically employed to deny the literary status to this genre.

The main objective of the present study has investigated the effects of teaching practices on performance of teachers at higher secondary level in Sargodha District. The population of the study consisted of all secondary school teachers, who teach in the higher secondary class in Sargodha District. The study sample is consisted of 400 higher secondary school teachers selected from Sargodha District. It is a survey research and descriptive by nature. Questionnaire is used in the present study for data collection. These results showed that male teachers are more agreed with full command on subject matter, relate the content with previous knowledge, develop lesson plan based on student’s needs, development and progress and prior knowledge, consult other sources of knowledge before lesson preparation while females teachers are disagree with the statements.

The objective of this study was to confirm the mediating effects of learning orientation on the relationship between transformational leadership and employee lifelong learning. To achieve this, we distributed questionnaires to 800 employees, of which 512 valid questionnaires were received. We then employed hierarchical regression analysis to test our hypotheses. Results confirmed that transformational leadership has a positive influence on employee lifelong learning, and that this relationship is mediated by learning orientation. Based on these results, we conclude by making recommendations for both organizational management practices and future research.

In Islamic law, al-syuf’ah affords the co-proprietors of undivided shares in a property the preferential right to purchase the shares of other co- proprietors before the shares can be offered to outsiders. In the context of Malaysian land law, the study on al-syuf’ah has its own significance as it is closely related to the concept of co-proprietorship of land (CPL) under the National Land Code, 1965 (NLC). It is well known that many issues are confronting the CPL. Most of the problems accrue from unhealthy relationships among the owners which then develop into developmental and economical aspects of the land. On the above facts, this study examines the potential of al-syuf’ah in addressing these problems as well as the possibility of employing the rules of al-syuf’ah alongside the country’s land law. To undertake the research, the data is collected from the library-based literature which then analysed using inductive, deductive as well as comparative methods. The study finds that there are leeways that allow for the implementation of the rules of al-syuf’ah alongside the existing land law. The rules of al-syuf’ah if implemented would be able to solve some of the existing problems and to prevent the problems from recurring in the future.

This study aims to determine the readiness of Private Islamic Religious Universities in supporting the implementation for the Regulation of The Ministry of Religious Affairs of The Republic of Indonesia Number 1 Of 2016, concerning Certificate of Diploma Supplement. This policy, in fact, has been implemented since January 12, 2016. This study uses a qualitative approach, research procedures that produce descriptive data in the form of utterances or scripts and behavior of the people observed. The qualitative approach is expected to get an in-depth description of the utterances, scripts and behavior of the people observed. Data analysis is done through; data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and verification. The results of the study show that; PIRU Human Resources Region II West Java and Banten are not ready to implement Certificate of Diploma Supplement, because it is still in the phase of preparation; infrastructure as a support in implementing policies is still minimal, and organizational commitment has not fully supported the implementation of the DSC implementation policy.

This paper reviews the implementation of higher order thinking skills for teaching and learning in Malaysia. Several recent studies have found that there are issues with the implementation of higher order thinking skills from aspects such as lack of knowledge on the educators’ part, inadequate understanding of the strategies to inculcate HOTs amongst teachers, insufficient materials and references to teach HOTs and improper environmental settings to instil the learning of HOTs in the education classrooms. Teachers lack the appropriate pedagogical knowledge to teach HOT (Fisher, 1999; Zohar, 1999; Zohar and Schwartzer, 2005). This paper analyses further the implementation of higher order thinking skills for the teaching and learning of HOTs which is of paramount importance in order to address these rife matters.

The aim of the study is to identify the importance of poster as a learning media that can be utilized in learning activities. It also aims to explore the learning outcomes of students who use poster as learning media. In Indonesia, high school students are not allowed to carry a mobile phone, while the school on the other hand, does not provide enough computers for all students. The school computer laboratory could only cater for students need interchangeably. Therefore, teachers in schools choose other media that they think are effective, such as poster media. The poster media was seemed very relevant and appropriate to improve the quality of learning and student achievement. This study involved both qualitative and quantitative research method through Four-D model (Define, Design, Development, and Dissemination) that used for the learning material development. The data was collected through interview with two experts and experimental research design among two groups of students. The qualitative data were analyzed and the experimental data was tested using T-test statistical analysis. The learning outcomes with poster as learning media showed the mean values of the control and experimental groups were, respectively, 60.97 and 85.86. It indicated the difference in learning outcomes of 24.89. The produced poster was also assessed by media experts and curriculum experts. This study recommended that poster is very feasible and relevant to be utilized as a form of learning media in improving quality of learning and engagement with students.